Skip to main content

Magic computation for well-founded semantics

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming (NMELP 1994)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 927))

Abstract

We propose a new realization of goal-directed query evaluation of (non-floundering) normal logic programs for the well-founded semantics. To this end we introduce a new magic templates transformation and give a new fixed point characterization of the well-founded semantics, lifting an existing definition from the ground to the non-ground case. The new fixed point characterization enables us to show a step-by-step correspondence between the naive bottom-up evaluation of the transformed program and a class of top-down search strategies defined in terms of the search forest framework of Bol and Degerstedt. This correspondence implies that the magic transformation is sound and complete. Hence, it provides an upper bound on the search space that must be considered in order to preserve completeness of the bottom-up approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Krzysztof Apt and Roland Bol. Logic Programming and Negation: A Survey. J. of Logic Programming, 19/20:9–71, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Krzysztof Apt. Introduction to Logic Programming. In J. van Leeuwen, editor, Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science: Formal Models and Semantics, volume B, chapter 10, pages 493–574. Elsevier, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Bol and L. Degerstedt. Tabulated Resolution for Well Founded Semantics. In Proc. of the International Logic Programming Symposium, Vancouver, pages 199–219. The MIT Press, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Bol and L. Degerstedt. The Underlying Search for Magic Templates and Tabulation. In Proc. of International Conf. on Logic Programming, Budapest, pages 793–811. The MIT Press, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Brass and J. Dix. A General Approach to Bottom-up Computation of Disjunctive Semantics. pages 127–155, this volume

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Bonnier, U. Nilsson, and T. Näslund. A Simple Fixed Point Characterization of Three-valued Stable Model Semantics. Information Processing Letters, 40(2):73–78, 1991.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. W. Chen and D. S. Warren. Query Evaluation under the Well-founded Semantics. In Proc. of SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pages 168–179, Washington DC, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. Chen and D.S. Warren. Computation of Stable Models and its Integration with Logical Query Processing. Technical report, Comp. Sci. Dept, SUNY ant Stony Brook, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  9. L. Degerstedt. Tabulated Resolution for Well-Founded Semantics. Licentiate thesis no 402, Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Kemp, P. Stuckey, and D. Srivastava. Magic Sets and Bottom-up Evaluation of Well-founded Models. In Proc. of 1991 International Logic Programming Symposium, San Diego, pages 337–351. The MIT Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. Kemp, P. Stuckey, and D. Srivastava. Query Restricted Bottom-up Evaluation of Normal Logic Programs. In K. Apt, editor, Proc. of Joint International Conf. and Symp. on Logic Programming, Washington, pages 288–302. The MIT Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  12. John W. Lloyd. Foundations of Logic Programming. Springer-Verlag, second edition, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Lloyd and J. Shepherdson. Partial Evaluation in Logic Programming. J. of Logic Programming, 11(3–4):217–242, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Morishita. An Alternating Fixpoint Tailored to Magic Programs. In Proc. of SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pages 123–134, Washington DC, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  15. U. Nilsson. Goal-directed Bottom-up Evaluation of Normal Logic Programs. In Proc. of the International Logic Programming Symposium, Vancouver, 1993. The MIT Press. (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  16. T. Przymusinski. Every Logic Program has a Natural Stratification and an Iterated Fixed Point Model. In Proc. of the 8th Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pages 11–21, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. Przymusinski. The Well-founded Semantics Coincides with the Three-valued Stable Semantics. Fundamenta Informaticae, 13(4):445–464, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Przymusinski and D. S. Warren. Well Founded Semantics: Theory and Implementation. Draft, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. Ramakrishnan. Magic Templates: A Spellbinding Approach to Logic Programming. In Proc. of Fifth International Conf/Symposium on Logic Programming, Seattle, pages 140–159. The MIT Press, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  20. K. Ross. A Procedural Semantics for Well-founded Negation in Logic Programs. J. of Logic Programming, 13(1):1–22, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Tamaki and T. Sato. OLD Resolution with Tabulation. In E Shapiro, editor, Proc. of Third International Conf. on Logic Programming, London, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 225, pages 84–98. Springer-Verlag, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Van Gelder, K. Ross, and J. Schlipf. The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs. J. of the ACM, 38(3):620–650, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Jürgen Dix Louis Moniz Pereira Teodor C. Przymusinski

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Degerstedt, L., Nilsson, U. (1995). Magic computation for well-founded semantics. In: Dix, J., Pereira, L.M., Przymusinski, T.C. (eds) Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming. NMELP 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 927. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0030665

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0030665

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-59467-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49272-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics