Abstract
This paper presents an extension of disjunctive datalog (Datalog∀) by nested rules. Nested rules are (disjunctive) rules where elements of the head may be also rules. Nested rules increase the knowledge representation power of Datalog∀ both from a theoretical and from a practical viewpoint. A number of examples show that nested rules allow to naturally model several real world situations that cannot be represented in Datalog∀. An in depth analysis of complexity and expressive power of the language shows that nested rules do increase the expressiveness of Datalog∀ without implying any increase in its computational complexity.
This work has been supported in part by FWF (Austrian Science Funds) under the project P11580-MAT “A Query System for Disjunctive Deductive Databases”; by the Istituto per la Sistemistica e l'Informatica, ISI-CNR; and by a MURST grant (40% share) under the project “Interdata.”
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abiteboul, S., Hull, R., Vianu, V. (1995), Foundations of Databases. Addison-Wesley.
Baral, C. and Gelfond, M. (1994), Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation Journal of Logic Programming, 19/20, 73–148.
S. Brass and J. Dix (1997), Characterizations of the Stable Semantics by Partial Evaluation. Journal of Logic Programming, 32(3):207–228.
S. Brass, J. Dix, and T.C. Przymusinski (1996), Super Logic Programs. In “Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'96)”, Cambridge, MA, USA, Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 529–540.
M. Cadoli and M. Schaerf (1993), A Survey of Complexity Results for Non-monotonic Logics, Journal of Logic Programming, Vol. 17, pp. 127–160.
Chandra, A., Harel, D. (1982), Structure and Complexity of Relational Queries. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 25:99–128.
Eiter, T., Gottlob, G. and Mannila, H. (1994), Adding Disjunction to Datalog, Proc. ACM PODS-94, pp. 267–278.
T. Eiter and G. Gottlob and H. Mannila (1997), Disjunctive Datalog, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 22(3):364–418.
Fagin R. (1974), Generalized First-Order Spectra and Polynomial-Time Recognizable Sets, Complexity of Computation, SIAM-AMS Proc, Vol. 7, pp. 43–73.
Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V. (1988), The Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programming, in Proc. of Fifth Conf. on Logic Programming, pp. 1070–1080, MIT Press.
Gelfond, M. and Lifschitz, V. (1991), Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive Databases, New Generation Computing, 9, 365–385.
Gelfond, M. and Son, T.C., Reasoning with Prioritized Defaults, Proc. of the Workshop Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation — LPKR'97, Port Jefferson, New York, October 1997.
Gottlob, G., Complexity Results for Nonmonotonic Logics, Journal of Logic and Computation, Vol. 2, N. 3, pp. 397–425, 1992.
Greco, S.(1990), Binding Propagation in Disjunctive Databases, Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, New York City.
Herre H., and Wagner G. (1997), Stable Models Are Generated by a Stabel Chain, Journal of Logic Programming, 30(2): 165–177.
Leone, N., Rullo, P., Scarcello, F. (1995) Declarative and Fixpoint Characterizations of Disjunctive Stable Models, in “Proceedings of International Logic Programming Symposium (ILPS'95)”, Portland, Oregon, pp. 399–413, MIT Press.
Leone, N., Rullo, P., Scarcello, F. (1997) Disjunctive Stable Models: Unfounded Sets, Fixpoint Semantics and Computation, Information and Computation, Academic Press, Vol. 135, No. 2, June 15, 1997, pp. 69–112.
Marek, W., Truszczyński, M., Autoepistemic Logic, Journal of the ACM, 38, 3, 1991, pp. 518–619.
Minker, J. (1982), On Indefinite Data Bases and the Closed World Assumption, in “Proc. of the 6th Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE-82),” pp. 292–308.
L. Pereira, J. Alferes, and J. Aparicio (1992), Well founded semantics for logic programs with explicit negation. In “Proc. of European Conference on AI”.
Przymusinski, T. (1988), On the Declarative Semantics of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming, in “Foundations of deductive databases and logic programming,” Minker, J. ed., ch. 5, pp.193–216, Morgan Kaufman, Washington, D.C.
Przymusinski, T. (1991), Stable Semantics for Disjunctive Programs, New Generation Computing, 9, 401–424.
D. Saccà. The Expressive Powers of Stable Models for Bound and Unbound DATALOG Queries. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, Vol. 54, No. 3, June 1997, pp. 441–464.
Schlipf, J.S., The Expressive Powers of Logic Programming Semantics, Proc. ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems 1990, pp. 196–204.
Stockmeyer, L.J. (1977), The Polynomial-Time Hierarchy. Theoretical Computer Science, 3:1–22.
Van Gelder, A., Ross, K. A. and Schlipf, J. S. (1991), The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs, Journal of ACM, 38(3), 620–650.
Vardi, M. (1982), Complexity of relational query languages, in “Proceedings 14th ACM STOC,” pp. 137–146.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Greco, S., Leone, N., Scarcello, F. (1998). Datalog with nested rules. In: Dix, J., Pereira, L.M., Przymusinski, T.C. (eds) Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation. LPKR 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1471. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0054789
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0054789
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64958-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49872-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive