Abstract
This paper describes an approach to representing cases as nested graph-structures, i.e., as hierarchically, spatially, temporally and causally interconnected nodes (case nodes), which may be themselves recursively described by other sets of interconnected nodes. Each case node represents a case piece (sub-case). An adjacency matrix may represent these nested graph-structured cases. Within our approach, new cases are constructed using an iterative context-guided retrieval of case nodes from multiple cases. In order to illustrate the expressiveness of this case representation approach, we discuss its application to the diagnosis and therapeutics of neurological diseases, to architectural design and to storytelling. Some issues that come out of this approach, like its contribution to the representation of cases of CBR and to integrate ordinary and creative reasoning, are discussed.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, J.: Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals. Communications of the ACM 26(11), (1983)832–843
Andersen, W., Hendler, J., Evett, M., Kettler, B.: Massively Parallel Matching of Knowledge Structures. In: H. Kitane & J. Hendler (eds.): Massively Parallel Artificial Intelligence. AAAI/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, Cambridge, MA (1994)
Arcos, J., & Mántaras, R.: Perspectives: A Declarative Bias Mechanism for Case Retrieval. In: Leake, D., Plaza, E. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 279–290
Bento, C., Macedo, L., Costa, E.: Reasoning with Cases Imperfectly Described and Explained. In: Wess, S., Althoff, K., Richter, M. (eds.): Topics in Case-Based Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 837. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork (1994) 263–272.
Bento, C., Exposto, J., Francisco, V., Costa, E.: Empirical Study of an Evaluation Function for Cases Imperfectly Explained. In: Wess, S., Althoff, K., Richter, M. (eds.): Topics in Case-Based Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 837. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1994) 215–223
Branting, L.: Integrating rules and precedents for classification and explanation: automating legal analysis. Tech. Rep. AI90-146, Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin (PhD Thesis) (1990)
Branting, L., Aha, D.: Stratified case-based reasoning: Reusing hierarchical problem solving episodes. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. (1995) 384–390
Börner, K., Pippig, E., Tammer, E., Coulon, G.: Structural Similarity and Adaptation. In: Smith, I., Faltings, B. (eds.): Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1168. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1996) 58–75
Burke, R., Kass, A.: Retrieving Stories for Case-Based Teaching. In: Leake, D. (ed.): Case-Based Reasoning — Experiences, Lessons, & Future Directions. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, Cambridge, MA, London (1996) 93–109
Coulon, C: Automatic indexing, retrieval and reuse of topologies in architectural layouts. In: Tan, M., The, R. (eds.): The Global Design Studio — Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures. (1995)
Falkenhainer, B., Forbus, K., & Gentner, D.: The structure-mapping engine: algorithm and examples. Artificial Intelligence 41 (1990) 1–63
Gebhardt, F., VoΒ, A., Gräther, W., Schmidt-Beltz, B.: Reasoning with Complex Cases. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA (1997)
Goel, A.: Representation of Design Functions in Experience-Based Design. In: Brown, D., Walderon, M., Yosnikawa, H. (eds.): Intelligent Computer Aided Design. Elsevier Science (1992)
Guilford, J.: Intelligence, creativity and their educational implications. Robert Knapp, San Diego, CA (1968)
Kolodner, J.: Judging Which is the “Best” Case for a Case-Based Reasoner. In: Case-Based Reasoning: Proceedings of a Workshop. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA (1989)
Leake, D.: CBR in Context: The Present and Future. In: Leake, D. (ed.): Case-Based Reasoning — Experiences, Lessons, & Future Directions. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, Cambridge, MA, London (1996) 3–30
Leake, D., Kinley, A., Wilson, D.: A Case Study of Case-Based CBR. In: Leake, D., Plaza, E. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 371–382
Macedo, L., Pereira, F., Grilo, C., Cardoso, A.: Plans as Structured Networks of Hierarchical and Temporal Related Case Pieces. In: Smith, I., Faltings, B. (eds.): Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1168. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1996) 234–248
Macedo, L., Pereira, F., Grilo, C., Cardoso, A.: Experimental Study of a Similarity Metric for Retrieving Pieces from Structured Plan Cases: its Role in the Originality of Plan Case Solutions. In: Leake, D., Plaza, E. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 575–586
Macedo, L. A Model for Creative Problem Solving based on Divergent Production of Solutions. In: Prade (ed.): Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1998)
Maher, M., & Zhang, D.: CADSYN: using case and decomposition knowledge for design sinthesis. In: J. Gero (Ed.): Artificial Intelligence in Design. Butterworth-Heinmann, Oxford, UK (1991)
Mandler, J.: Stories, Scripts, and Scenes: Aspects of Schema Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ (1984)
Meehan, J.: The metanovel; Writing stories by computer. Tech. Rep. #74, doctoral dissertation. Yale University, Dept. of Computer Science (1976)
Messmer, B., Bunke, H.: A new algorithm for error-tolerant subgraph isomorphism detection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20 (5), (1998)
MunÕz-Avila, H., Huellen, J.: Retrieving Cases in Structured Domains by Using Goal Dependencies. In: Veloso, M., Aamodt, A. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1010. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1995) 241–252
Norman, D., Rumelhart, D.: Explorations in Cognition. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco (1977)
Plaza, E.: Cases as terms: A feature term approach to the structured representation of cases. In: Veloso, M., Aamodt, A. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1010. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1995) 265–276
Redmond, M.: Distributed Cases for Case-Based Reasoning; Facilitating Use of Multiple Cases. In: Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, Cambridge, MA, London (1990)
Sanders, K., Kettler, B., Hendler, J.: The Case for Graph-Structured Representations. In: Leake, D., Plaza, E. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 245–254
Schank, R.: Dynamic Memory: A theory of learning in computers and people. Cambridge University Press, New York (1982)
Schank, R.: Explanation Patterns: Understanding Mechanically and Creatively. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1986)
Smyth, B., Keane, M.: Design á la Déja Vu: Reducing the Adaptation Oberhead. In: Leake, D. (ed.): Case-Based Reasoning — Experiences, Lessons, & Future Directions. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, Cambridge, MA, London (1996) 151–166
Sowa, J.: Knowledge Representation. PWS Publishing Company, Boston, MA (1995)
Turner, S.: The Creative Process: A Computer Model of Storyttelling and Creativity. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsddale, NJ (1994)
Veloso, M.: Learning by Analogical Reasoning in General Problem Solving. Ph D thesis. School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (1992)
Watson, I., Perera, S.: The Evaluation of a Hierarchical Case Representation Using Context Guided Retrieval. In: Leake, D., Plaza, E. (eds.): Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997) 255–266
Winston, P.: Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples. In: Brachman, L. (ed.): Readings in Knowledge Representation. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Macedo, L., Cardoso, A. (1998). Nested graph-structured representations for cases. In: Smyth, B., Cunningham, P. (eds) Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. EWCBR 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1488. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0056317
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0056317
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64990-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49797-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive