Abstract
This paper investigates efficient hardware architectures for implementation of 1-D and 2-D discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs). The architectures are based on the lifting scheme. We propose a general structure to minimize the number of multipliers and adders for 1-D DWTs. Compared to previous conventional architectures, the architecture presented here is more efficient in terms of the required arithmetic units. Moreover, we describe a new frame scan method for a block-based 2-D DWT structure which provides a flexible trade-off between the required internal memory size and external memory access. In contrast, other 2-D DWT structures require a fixed memory size.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Acharya, C. Chakrabarti, A survey on lifting-based discrete wavelet transform architectures. J. VLSI Signal Process. 42, 321–339 (2006)
K. Andra, C. Chakrabarti, T. Acharya, A VLSI architecture for lifting-based forward and inverse wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 50(4), 966–977 (2002)
R. Calderbank, I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, B.-L. Yeo, Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers. Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 5(3), 332–369 (1998)
W.-H. Chang, Y.-S. Lee, W.S. Peng, C.-Y. Lee, A line-based, memory efficient and programmable architecture for 2D DWT using lifting scheme, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4 (2001), pp. 330–333
I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, Factoring wavelet transform into lifting steps. J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 4, 247–269 (1998)
O. Fatemi, S. Bolouki, Pipeline memory-efficient and programmable architecture for 2D discrete wavelet transform using lifting scheme, in Proceedings of IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems, December 2005, pp. 703–708
L. Hongyu, M.K. Mandal, B.F. Cockburn, Efficient architectures for 1-D and 2-D lifting-based wavelet transforms. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 52(5), 1315–1326 (2004)
C.-T. Huang, P.-C. Tseng, L.-G. Chen, Flipping structure: an efficient VLSI architecture for lifting-based discrete wavelet transform, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 52 (2004), pp. 1080–1089
C.-T. Huang, P.-C. Tseng, L.-G. Chen, Efficient VLSI architectures of lifting-based discrete wavelet transform by systematic design method, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 5 (2002), pp. 565–568
C.-T. Huang, P.-C. Tseng, L.-G. Chen, Hardware implementation of shape-adaptive discrete wavelet transform with the JPEG2000 defaulted (9,7) filter bank, in IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 3 (2003), pp. 571–574
C.-T. Huang, P.-C. Tseng, L.-G. Chen, Memory analysis and architecture for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2004)
C.-T. Huang, P.-C. Tseng, L.-G. Chen, Analysis and VLSI architecture for 1-D and 2-D discrete wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53(4), 1575–1586 (2005)
A. Jensen, A. La Cour-Harbo, Ripples in Mathematics: The Discrete Wavelet Transform (Springer, Berlin, 2001)
J.M. Jou, Y.H. Shiau, C.C. Lio, Efficient VLSI architectures for the biorthogonal wavelet transform by filter bank and lifting scheme, in Proceedings of IEEE ISCAS 2001, pp. 529–533
J.W. Kim et al., Tiled interleaving for multi-level 2-D discrete wavelet transform, in IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., May 2007, pp. 3984–3987
X. Lan, N. Zheng, Y. Liu, Low power and high-speed VLSI architecture for lifting-based forward and inverse wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 51(2), 379–385 (2005)
C.J. Lian, K.F. Chen, H.H. Chen, L.G. Chen, Lifting based discrete wavelet transform architecture for JPEG2000, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2001) Sydney, May 2001
S. Mallat, A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11, 674–693 (1989)
K.G. Oweiss et al., A scalable wavelet transform VLSI architecture for real-time signal processing in high-density intra-cortical implants. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 54(6), 1266–1278 (2007)
J. Reichel, On the arithmetic and bandwidth complexity of the lifting scheme, in Proc. of International Conference on Image Processing (2001), pp. 198–201
P.-C. Tseng, C.-T. Huang, L.-G. Chen, Generic RAM-based architecture for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform with line-based method, in Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (2002), pp. 363–366
H. Varshney, M. Hasan, S. Jain, Energy efficient novel architectures for the lifting-based discrete wavelet transform. IET Image Process. 1(3), 305–310 (2007)
C. Wang, W.S. Gan, Efficient VLSI architecture for lifting-based discrete wavelet packet transform. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 54(5), 422–426 (2007)
C.Y. Xiong, J.W. Tian, J. Liu, A note on “flipping structure: an efficient VLSI architecture for lifting-based discrete wavelet transform”. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 54(4), 1910–1916 (2006)
C.Y. Xiong, J.W. Tian, J. Liu, Efficient architectures for two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform using lifting scheme. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16(3), 607–614 (2007)
C.H. Yang et al., A block-based architecture for lifting scheme discrete wavelet transform. IEICE Trans. Fundam. 90(5), 1062–1071 (2007)
N.D. Zervas et al., Evaluation of design alternatives for the 2-D-discrete wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11(12), 1246–1262 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salehi, S.A., Sadri, S. Investigation of Lifting-Based Hardware Architectures for Discrete Wavelet Transform. Circuits Syst Signal Process 28, 1–16 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-008-9068-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-008-9068-1