Skip to main content
Log in

Analog Implementation of Wavelet Transform in Switched-Current Circuits with High Approximation Precision and Minimum Circuit Coefficients

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a novel procedure for analog implementation of wavelet transform in switched-current (SI) circuits. An improved hybrid PSO–SQP optimization is employed to precisely approximate the impulse response of a filter to the wavelet base function in time domain. The SI first- and second-order section circuits with minimum coefficients are designed based on infinite-impulse-response digital filter technology. Cascode techniques are occupied to reduce the effects of parasitic elements. Based on these SI first- and second-order section circuits, a parallel wavelet circuit structure is presented to synthesize the approximated wavelet base function. By adjusting the switch clock frequency, the wavelets at different scales can be realized. The Gaussian wavelet is selected as an example to illustrate the design procedure. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed procedure for analog wavelet transform in SI circuits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P.T. Boggs, J.W. Tolle, Sequential quadratic programming. Acta Numer. 4, 1–52 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. A.J. Casson, D.C. Yates, S. Patel, E. Rodriguez-Villegas, An analogue bandpass filter realisation of the Continuous Wavelet Transform, in Proceedings of thr IEEE International Conference Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 1850–1854, 2007

  3. A.C.M. de Queiroz, P.R.M. Pinheiro, L.P. Caloba, Systematic nodal analysis of switched-current filters, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1801–1804, 1991

  4. A.C.M. de Queiroz, P.R.M. Pinheiro, Switching sequence effects in switched-current filters, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 982–985, 1993

  5. A.C.M. de Queiroz, P.R.M. Pinheiro, L.P. Caloba, Nodal analysis of switched-current filters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Analog Digit. Signal Process. 40(1), 10–18 (1993)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. A.C.M. de Queiroz, P.M. Pinheiro, Bilinear switched-current ladder filters using Euler integrators. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Analog Digit. Signal Process. 43(1), 66–70 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R.T. Edwards, C. Cauwenberghs, A VLSI implementation of the continuous wavelet transform, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 368–371, 1996

  8. S.A.P. Haddad, R. Houben, W.A. Serdijn, Analog wavelet transform employing dynamic translinear circuits for cardiac signal characterization in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 121–124, 2003

  9. S.A.P. Haddad, N. Verwaal, R. Houben, W.A. Serdijn, Optimized dynamic translinear implementation of the Gaussian wavelet transform, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 145–148, 2004

  10. S.A.P. Haddad, S. Bagga, W.A. Serdijn, Log-domain wavelet bases. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Reg. Pap. 52(10), 2023–2032 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  11. S.A.P. Haddad, J.M.H. Karel, R.L.M. Peeters, R.L. Westra, W.A. Serdijn, Analog complex wavelet filters, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 3287–3290, 2005

  12. Q.C. Hu, Y.G. He, D.X. Guo, H.M. Li, Analog implementation of wavelet transform based on switched-current filter circuits. Acta Phys. Sin. 55(2), 641–647 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.B. Hughes, I.C. Macbeth, D.M. Pattullo, Switched current filters. IEE Proc. G Circuits Devices Syst. 137(2), 156–162 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J.B. Hughes, I.C. Macbeth, D.M. Pattullo, Switched-current system cells, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 303–306, 1990

  15. J.B. Hughes, I.C. Macbeth, D.M. Pattullo, Second generation switched-current signal processing, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 2805–2808, 1990

  16. J.M.H. Karel, R.L.M. Peeters, R.L. Westra, S.A.P. Haddad, W.A. Serdijn, Wavelet approximation for implementation in dynamic translinear circuits, in Proceedings of the 16th IFAC World Congress, vol. 16, pp. 184–189, 2005

  17. J.M.H. Karel, S.A.P. Haddad, S. Hiseni, R.L. Westra, W.A. Serdijn, R.L.M. Peeters, Implementing wavelets in continuous-time analog circuits with dynamic range optimization. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Reg. Pap. 59(2), 229–242 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, Particle swarm optimization. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Netw. 4, 1942–1948 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  19. H.M. Li, Y.G. He, Y.C. Sun, Detection of cardiac signal characteristic point using log-domain wavelet transform circuits. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 27(5), 683–698 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Li, Y.G. He, Y. Long, Analogue implementation of wavelet transform using discrete time switched-current filters, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Electronics, vol. 98, pp. 677–682, 2011

  21. M. Li, Y.G. He, Y. Long, Analog VLSI implementation of wavelet transform using switched-current circuits. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 71(2), 283–291 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. S.T. Li, M.K. Tan, I.W. Tsang, J.T.Y. Kwok, A hybrid PSO-BFGS strategy for global optimization of multimodal functions. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B 41(4), 1003–1014 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Lin, W.-H. Ki, T. Edwards, S. Shamma, Analog VLSI implementations of auditory wavelet transforms using switched-capacitor circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 41(9), 572–583 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  24. T. Loeliger, W. Guggenbuhl, Cascode circuits for switched current copiers, in Proceedings of the 40th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 256–259, 1997

  25. S.G. Mallat, A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11(7), 674–693 (1989)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Sharfer, Discret-Time Signal Processing (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2009)

  27. K.G. Oweiss, A. Mason, Y. Suhail, A.M. Kamboh, K.E. Thomson, A scalable wavelet transform VLSI architecture for real-time signal processing in high-density intra-cortical implants. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Reg. Pap. 54(6), 1266–1278 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  28. O. Rioul, M. Vetterli, Wavelets and signal processing. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 8(4), 14–38 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Sackinger, W. Guggenbuhl, A high-swing, high-impedance MOS cascode circuit. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits 25(1), 289–298 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Shi, R. Eberhart, A modified particle swarm optimizer, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference Evolution of Compound, pp. 69–73, 1998

  31. C. Toumazou, J.B. Hughes, D.M. Pattullo, Regulated cascode switched-current memory cell. Electron. Lett. 26(5), 303–305 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Toumazou, J.B. Hughes, N.C. Battersby, Switched Currents: An Analogue Technique for Digital Technology (IET, Stevenage, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  33. W.S. Zhao, Y.G. He, An improved method for implementation of wavelet transform utilizing switched-current filters. Acta Phys. Sin. 58(2), 843–851 (2009)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. W.S. Zhao, Y.G. He, Y.C. Sun, SFG realization of wavelet filter using switched-current circuits, in Proceedings of the IEEE 8th International Conference on ASIC, vol. 1, pp. 37–40, 2009

  35. W.S. Zhao, Y.C. Sun, Y.G. He, Minimum component high frequency Gm-C wavelet filters based on Maclaurin series and multiple loop feedback. Electron. Lett. 46(1), 34–35 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. W.S. Zhao, Y.G. He, Realization of wavelet transform using switched-current filters. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 71(3), 571–581 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China for Distinguished Young Scholar under Grant No. 50925727, the National Defense Advanced Research Project Grant Nos. C1120110004 and 9140A27020211DZ5102, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60876022 and 61201108, the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 2011JK2023 and 2013GK3096, the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No. 313018, and the Research Project of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology under Grant No. 2012Y27. The authors would like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their many helpful and constructive suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaonan Tong.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tong, Y., He, Y., Li, H. et al. Analog Implementation of Wavelet Transform in Switched-Current Circuits with High Approximation Precision and Minimum Circuit Coefficients. Circuits Syst Signal Process 33, 2333–2361 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9750-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9750-4

Keywords

Navigation