Skip to main content
Log in

Coordinate Logic Order Statistics & Applications in Image Processing

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new approach regarding Low-Level Image & Signal processing is presented. This new approach deals with the philosophy of finding a method for designing and executing algorithms (filters), using the least possible complexity. The proposed method is based on Coordinate Logic Order Statistics filters (CL-OS) which are an extension of Coordinate Logic Filters and introduces a minimalistic approach in filter design followed by an satisfactory efficiency in terms of quality, speed, complexity, and energy consumption. CL-OS filters have similar functionality with OS filters, specifically the basis of OS filters is the sorting of the original signal values while the basis of CL-OS filters is the sorting of the binary levels of the original signal values. The intrinsic feature of CL-OS filters is their explicit low overall complexity which is \(\varvec{O}(n)\), on the other hand the general overall complexity of OS filters is \(\varvec{O}(n^{2})\); moreover, CL-OS filters are characterized by a naturally embedded parallelism which makes them absolutely appropriate for H/W implementation and real-time applications. Another characteristic property of CL-OS is that their field of definition includes the OS’s field of definition causing an increase of the signal energy and thus constituting them not only smoothers but enhancers too. The last property is of great importance since it reveals new signal information giving a different interpretation of the original signal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Afghahi, A 512 16-b bit-serial sorter chip. IEEE Trans. Solid State Circuits 26(10), 1452–1457 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G.R. Arce, Detail—preserving ranked-order based filters for image processing. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Image Process. 37(1), 83–98 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. E. Ataman, A fast method for real-time median filtering. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. ASSP–28, 415–420 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Y.S. Boutalis, K.D. Tsirikolias, B.G. Mertzios, I. Andreadis, Implementation of morphological filters using coordinate logic operations. Pattern Recognit. 35(1), 187–198 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. S.A. Chatzichristofis, D.A. Mitzias, GCh. Sirakoulis, Y.S. Boutalis, A novel cellular automata based technique for visual multimedia content encryption. Optics Commun. 283(21), 4250–4260 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H.D. Cheng, X.J. Shi, R. Min, L.M. Hu, X.P. Cai, Automated detection and classification of masses in mammograms. Pattern Recognit. 39, 646–668 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H.A. David, Order Statistics (Wiley, New York, 1981)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. D.L. Dietmeyer, Logic Design of Digital Systems (Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, 1971)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Dimitrakopoulos, K. Galanopoulos, C. Mavrokefalidis, D. Nikolos, Low-power leading-zero counting and anticipation logic for high-speed floating point units. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 16(7), 837–850 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G.P. Dinneen, Programming Pattern recognition, in Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, pp. 94–100

  11. E.E. Danahy, K.A. Panetta, S.S. Agaian, Signal compression via coordinate logic transforms. Proceedings of the SPIE 6579, Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing for Military and Security Applications, 657905, 2007, doi:10.1117/12.720055

  12. M. Gabbouj, J. Astola, Nonlinear order statistic filter design—methodologies and challenges. Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland

  13. J. Gil, M. Werman, Computing 2-D min, median, and max filters. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 15(5), 504–507 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. http://www.amd.com/Documents/CASS_Case_Study.pdf

  15. D.R. Haring, Multi-threshold threshold elements. IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput. EC–15(1), 45–65 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X.D. Jiang, Iterative truncated arithmetic mean filter and its properties. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(4), 1537–1547 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Kuosmanen, J. Astola, Soft morphological filtering. J. Math. Imaging Vis. 5(3), 231–262 (1995)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. E.L. Lehmann, Theory of Point Estimation (Wiley, New York, 1983)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. E.L. Lehmann, H.J.M. D’Abrera, Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks (Springer, New York, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. B.G. Mertzios, K.D. Tsirikolias, Coordinate logic filters and their applications in image processing and pattern recognition. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 17(4), 517–538 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Mitra, G. Sicuranza, Nonlinear Image Processing (Academic Press, London, 2002). ISBN: 0125004516

    Google Scholar 

  22. S.M. Mostafavi, I.A. Kazerouni, J. Haddadnia, Noise removal from printed text and handwriting images using coordinate logic filters. International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE), pp. 160–164, 2010

  23. R. Mukamel, I. Fried, Human intracranial recordings and cognitive neuroscience. Rev. Psychol. 63, 511–537 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Perona, J. Malik, Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(7), 629–639 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. I. Pitas, A.N. Venetsanopoulos, Nonlinear Digital Filters, Principles and Applications (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1990)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. K.H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. Sekuler, R. Blake, Perception (Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  28. P. Shabadi, Towards logic functions as the device using spin wave functions. University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Master Thesis, (2012)

  29. P. Sivakumar, S. Ravi, Image enhancement using evolved reconfigurable filter cores. IJCSNS Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 12(2), 123–126 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, E.P. Simoncelli, Image quality assessment—from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. B. Zhang, H. Zhang, Y. Jing, A hardware realization of morphological image processor based on coordinate logic. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. & Tech. vol. 32 (2004)

Download references

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Dr. Savvas A. Chatzichristofis and Prof. Yiannis S. Boutalis, for their valuable advises. Konstantinos B. Tsirikolias, for his help in the English language of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kostas D. Tsirikolias.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsirikolias, K.D. Coordinate Logic Order Statistics & Applications in Image Processing. Circuits Syst Signal Process 34, 901–929 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9884-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9884-4

Keywords

Navigation