Skip to main content
Log in

A High-Accurate Exponential Function Generator Based on a New Pseudo-Approximation Method by TLBO Optimization Algorithm

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A compact and low-voltage CMOS exponential function generator circuit based on a new pseudo-approximation method is designed in 180-nm CMOS standard technology. The proposed approximation method is based on the TLBO evolutionary algorithm and shows a close characteristic to the ideal exponential function behavior over wide input range. Simulation results using HSPICE validate the theoretical analysis and verify the efficiency of proposed circuit which shows more than 66 dB output dynamic voltage range while the error is less than \({\pm }0.5\,\hbox {dB}\). The total power consumption is below 0.17 mW with a \({\pm }0.75\,\hbox {V}\) power supply.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K.M. Abdelfattah, A.M. Soliman, Variable gain amplifiers based on a new approximation method to realize the exponential function. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 49(9), 1348–1354 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. K.M. Al-Tamimi, M.A. Al-Absi, A 6.13 \(\upmu \)W and 96 dB CMOS Exponential Generator. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 22(11), 2440–2445 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Arthansiri, V. Kasemsuwan, Current-mode pseudo-exponential-control variable-gain amplifier using fourth-order Taylor’s series approximation. Electron. Lett. 42(7), 379380 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. C.-C. Chang, S.-I. Liu, Current-mode pseudo-exponential circuit with tunable input range. Electron. Lett. 36(16), 1335–1336 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Q.-H. Duong, T.-K. Nguyen, S.-G Lee, dB-linear VI converter with tunable input and output range, in IEEE 46th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003 (IEEE, 2003), pp. 201–204

  6. Q.-H. Duong, T.K. Nguyen, S.-G. Lee, CMOS exponential current-to-voltage circuit based on newly proposed approximation method, in ISCAS’04. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2004, vol. 862 (IEEE, 2004), pp. II-865–868

  7. B. Ghanavati, A. Nowbakht, \({\pm }\)1V high frequency four quadrant current multiplier. Electron. Lett. 46(14), 974–976 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Kalenteridis, S. Vlassis, S. Siskos, 1.5-V CMOS exponential current generator. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 72(2), 333–341 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C.-H. Kao, W.-P. Lin, C.-S. Hsieh, Low-voltage low-power current mode exponential circuit. IEE Proc. Circuits Dev. Syst. 152(6), 633–635 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M.-L. Lin, A.T. Erdogan, T. Arslan, A. Stoica, A novel CMOS exponential approximation circuit, in SOC Conference, 2008 IEEE International (IEEE, 2008), pp. 301–304

  11. W. Liu, S.-I. Liu, CMOS exponential function generator. Electron. Lett. 39(1), 1–2 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. W. Liu, C.-C. Chang, S.-I. Liu, Realisation of exponential VI converter using composite NMOS transistors. Electron. Lett. 36(1), 8–10 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. W. Liu, S.-I. Liu, S.-K. Wei, CMOS current-mode divider and its applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 2 Express Briefs 52(3), 145–148 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Moro-Frias, D. La Cruz-Blas, M. Sanz-Pascual, PWL current-mode CMOS exponential circuit based on maximum operator. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 62(12), 1169–1173 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. C.R. Popa, Low-voltage CMOS current-mode exponential circuit with 70 dB output dynamic range. Microelectron. J. 44(12), 1348–1357 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. R.V. Rao, V.J. Savsani, D. Vakharia, Teaching-learning-based optimization: a novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems. Comput. Aid. Des. 43(3), 303–315 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Vlassis, CMOS current-mode pseudo-exponential function circuit. Electron. Lett. 37(8), 471–472 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Behzad Ghanavati.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghanavati, B., Abiri, E. & Salehi, M.R. A High-Accurate Exponential Function Generator Based on a New Pseudo-Approximation Method by TLBO Optimization Algorithm. Circuits Syst Signal Process 37, 1407–1421 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0625-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0625-3

Keywords

Navigation