Abstract
The research on dissipative-chaotic systems has exhibited plenty of remarkable results for past few decades. But unfortunately, the attackers can quickly rebuild the attractors in dissipative systems, causing multiple information security issues. Compared to the dissipative system, the conservative system can efficiently prevent such external attacks due to the presence of flows without any attractors. Therefore, the study of conservative chaotic systems is essential for secure communications and engineering applications. Presently, a few studies are there for non-autonomous conservative systems based on simple memristor. For this reason, a circuit-based new simple memristor is designed and using this, a non-autonomous four-dimensional hyperchaotic conservative system without an equilibrium point is proposed in this paper. The hyperchaotic behavior and multiple offset boosting are explored by phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent plots. It is found that due to the presence of applied stimuli, the proposed system also produces time-varying hyperchaos and offset boosting. Furthermore, different torus structures, triggered by initial conditions and control parameters are observed here as the prominent property of the conservative system. An analog circuit of the chaotic system is developed and executed experimentally to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Concurrently, a new algorithm for image encryption using the proposed hyperchaotic map is stated and the efficiency of this algorithm is confirmed by several security tests.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
M.T. Abuelma’atti, Z.J. Khalifa, A new floating memristor emulator and its application in frequency-to-voltage conversion. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 86(1), 141–147 (2016)
Y. Babacan, F. Kacar, K. Gürkan, A spiking and bursting neuron circuit based on memristor. Neurocomputing 203, 86–91 (2016)
H. Bao, Y. Zhang, W. Liu, B. Bao, Memristor synapse-coupled memristive neuron network: synchronization transition and occurrence of chimera. Nonlinear Dyn. 100(1), 937–950 (2020)
U. Cavusoglu, S. Panahi, A. Akgul, S. Jafari, S. Kacar, A new chaotic system with hidden attractor and its engineering applications: analog circuit realization and image encryption. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 98(1), 85–99 (2019)
L. Chen, H. Yin, T. Huang, L. Yuan, S. Zheng, L. Yin, Chaos in fractional-order discrete neural networks with application to image encryption. Neural Netw. 125, 174–184 (2020)
M. Chen, C. Wang, H. Wu, Q. Xu, B. Bao, A non-autonomous conservative system and its reconstitution in integral domain. Nonlinear Dyn. 103(1), 643–655 (2021)
L. Chunbiao, J.C. Sprott, Y. Lu, Z. Gu, J. Zhang, Offset boosting for breeding conditional symmetry. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 6, 66 (2018)
L. Chunbiao, T. Lei, X. Wang, G. Chen, Dynamics editing based on offset boosting. Chaos 6, 66 (2020)
L. Chunbiao, X. Wang, G. Chen, Diagnosing multistability by offset boosting. Nonlinear Dyn. 90, 1335–1341 (2017)
Y. Deng, Y. Li, A memristive conservative chaotic circuit consisting of a memristor and a capacitor. Chaos 30(1), 66 (2020)
D. Dharminder, U. Kumar, P. Gupta, A construction of a conformal Chebyshev chaotic map based authentication protocol for healthcare telemedicine services. Complex Intell. Syst. 7(5), 2531–2542 (2021)
E. Dong, M. Yuan, S. Du, Z. Chen, A new class of Hamiltonian conservative chaotic systems with multistability and design of pseudo-random number generator. Appl. Math. Model. 73, 40–71 (2019)
M. Feki, An adaptive chaos synchronization scheme applied to secure communication. Chaos Solitons Fract. 18(1), 141–148 (2003)
A. Gokyildirim, Y. Uyaroglu, I. Pehlivan, A weak signal detection application based on hyperchaotic Lorenz system. Tehnicki Vjesnik. 25(3), 701–708 (2018)
S. Gu, S. He, H. Wang, B. Du, Analysis of three types of initial offset-boosting behavior for a new fractional-order dynamical system. Chaos Solitons Fract. 143, 110613 (2021)
M.L. Heltberg, S. Krishna, M.H. Jensen, On chaotic dynamics in transcription factors and the associated effects in differential gene regulation. Nat. Commun. 10(1), 1–10 (2019)
L. Huang, W. Yao, J. Xiang, Z. Zhang, Heterogeneous and homogenous multistabilities in a novel 4D memristor-based chaotic system with discrete bifurcation diagrams. Complexity 6, 66 (2020)
S. Jafari, J.C. Sprott, S. Dehghan, Categories of conservative flows. Int. J. Bifurc.Chaos 29(2), 1–16 (2019)
Y. Jiang, F. Yuan, Y. Li, A dual memristive Wien-bridge chaotic system with variable amplitude and frequency. Chaos 30, 66 (2020)
A. Kadir, A. Hamdulla, W.Q. Guo, Color image encryption using skew tent map and hyperchaotic system of 6th-order CNN. Optik 125(5), 1671–1675 (2014)
İ Koyuncu, M. Tuna, İ Pehlivan, C.B. Fidan, M. Alçın, Design, FPGA implementation and statistical analysis of chaos-ring based dual entropy core true random number generator. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 102(2), 445–456 (2020)
X. Li, C. Jiang, R. Xu, W. Yang, H.H. Wang, Y. Zou, Combining forecast of landslide displacement based on chaos theory. Arab. J. Geosci. 14(3), 1–10 (2021)
C. Li, J.C. Sprott, Variable-boostable chaotic flows. Optik 127, 10389–10398 (2016)
Y. Liao, A. Vikram, V. Galitski, Many-body level statistics of single-particle quantum chaos. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125(25), 250601 (2020)
J.R. Mboupda Pone, S. Çiçek, S. TakougangKingni, A. Tiedeu, M. Kom, Passive–active integrators chaotic oscillator with anti-parallel diodes: analysis and its chaos-based encryption application to protect electrocardiogram signals. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 103(1), 1–15 (2020)
B. Muthuswamy, L.O. Chua, Simplest chaotic circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 20(5), 1567–1580 (2010)
C. Nirmal, B.S. Tej, N. Arjun, Secure image encryption using chaotic, hybrid chaotic and block cipher approach. J. Imaging 8(6), 167 (2022)
B. Norouzi, S. Mirzakuchaki, An image encryption algorithm based on DNA sequence operations and cellular neural network. Multimedia Tools Appl. 76(11), 13681–13701 (2017)
G. Qi, Modelings and mechanism analysis underlying both the 4D Euler equations and Hamiltonian conservative chaotic systems. Nonlinear Dyn. 95(3), 2063–2077 (2019)
K. Rajagopal, A. Bayani, A.J.M. Khalaf, H. Namazi, S. Jafari, V.T. Pham, A no-equilibrium memristive system with four-wing hyperchaotic attractor. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 95, 207–215 (2018)
C. Ran, S. Zhang, X. Gao, A novel 3D image encryption based on the chaotic system and RNA crossover and mutation. Front. Phys. 6, 66 (2022)
R.K. Ranjan, N. Rani, R. Pal, S.K. Paul, G. Kanyal, Single CCTA based high frequency floating and grounded type of incremental/decremental memristor emulator and its application. Microelectron. J. 60, 119–128 (2017)
M.E. Sahin, A.S. Demirkol, H. Guler, S.E. Hamamci, Design of a hyperchaotic memristive circuit based on wien bridge oscillator. Comput. Electr. Eng. 88, 106826 (2020)
C. Sanchez-Lopez, J. Mendoza-Lopez, M.A. Carrasco-Aguilar, C. Muniz-Montero, A floating analog memristor emulator circuit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 61(5), 309–313 (2014)
J.P. Singh, B.K. Roy, Five new 4-D autonomous conservative chaotic systems with various type of non-hyperbolic and lines of equilibria. Chaos Solitons Fract. 114, 81–91 (2018)
J.C. Sprott, Some simple chaotic flows. Phys. Rev. E 50(2), 66 (1994)
S. Vaidyanathan, C. Volos, A conservative hyperchaotic hyperjerk system based on memristive device. Adv. Memr. Memr. Dev. Syst. 66, 393–423 (2017)
Z. Wang, G. Qi, Modeling and analysis of a three-terminal-memristor-based conservative chaotic system. Entropy 23(1), 1–17 (2021)
N. Wang, G. Zhang, H. Bao, Infinitely many coexisting conservative flows in a 4D conservative system inspired by LC circuit. Nonlinear Dyn. 99(4), 3197–3216 (2020)
L. Wang, S. Jiang, M.-F. Ge, C. Hu, J. Hu, Finite-/fixed-time synchronization of memristor chaotic systems and image encryption application. IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst. I Regul. Pap. 66, 1–13 (2021)
X. Wang, X. Qin, C. Liu, Color image encryption algorithm based on customized globally coupled map lattices. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78(5), 6191–6209 (2019)
M.H. Weik, Relaxation oscillator. Comput. Sci. Commun. Dictionary 61(10), 1461–1461 (2000)
A. Wolf, J.B. Swift, H.L. Swinney, J.A. Vastano, Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Phys. D 16(3), 285–317 (1985)
A. Wu, S. Cang, R. Zhang, Z. Wang, Z. Chen, Hyperchaos in a conservative system with nonhyperbolic fixed points. Complexity 6, 66 (2018)
Q. Wu, Q. Hong, X. Liu, X. Wang, Z. Zeng, Constructing multi-butterfly attractors based on Sprott C system via non-autonomous approaches. Chaos 29(4), 66 (2019)
H.G. Wu, Y. Ye, B.C. Bao, M. Chen, Q. Xu, Memristor initial boosting behaviors in a two-memristor-based hyperchaotic system. Chaos Solitons Fract. 121, 178–185 (2019)
G. Ye, X. Huang, An efficient symmetric image encryption algorithm based on an intertwining logistic map. Neurocomputing 251, 45–53 (2017)
A. Yesil, Y. Babacan, F. Kacar, Design and experimental evolution of memristor with only one VDTA and one capacitor. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 38(6), 1123–1132 (2019)
A. Yesil, Y. Babacan, F. Kacar, A new DDCC based memristor emulator circuit and its applications. Microelectron. J. 45(3), 282–287 (2014)
Y. Zhang, Y. Tang, A plaintext-related image encryption algorithm based on chaos. Multimedia Tools Appl. 77(6), 6647–6669 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors report that there is no competing interest to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pratyusha, N., Mandal, S. Design and Implementation of a Novel Circuit-Based Memristive Non-autonomous Hyperchaotic System with Conservative and Offset Boosting for Applications to Image Encryption. Circuits Syst Signal Process 42, 3812–3834 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-023-02322-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-023-02322-5