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Spatial–Temporal-Based 3-D Parameters Estimation Method for Near-Field Sources Using Parallel Factor Model

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Abstract

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for estimating three-dimensional (3-D) parameters of near-field (NF) sources with a centro-symmetric cross array, where the sub-array x and the sub-array y are uniform linear arrays equipped with the same number of array elements. By exploiting the time-delay-based spatial correlation of the received signal, the proper array elements are selected, respectively, from the two sub-arrays to define two sets of variables, and then two time-delay-based vectors are constructed. Further, a series of delay lags are uniformly sampled to form pseudo snapshots so as to obtain two corresponding time delay matrices, which facilitates the formation of the parallel factor (PARAFAC) model in time domain. Finally, trilinear alternating least squares decomposition is utilized to jointly estimate the two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of arrival and range parameters of NF sources from the PARAFAC model. In the case of low signal-to-noise ratio and small snapshots conditions, the estimation performance in the 3-D parameters of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the subspace-based algorithm. In addition, the proposed algorithm only involves simple parameter pairing, which requires no eigenvalue decomposition and spectral peak searching.

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Data availability

The data included in this study may be available upon reasonable request by contacting with the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. LY23F010003, LQ21F010006 and LY21F050003, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62001256 and 62101289, and by Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Advanced Control of State Ethnic Affairs Commission under Grant MD-IPAC-2019102, and by the Student Research and Innovation Program (SRIP) of Ningbo University under Grant No. 2023SRIP1317.

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  1. Weilong Wang and Tianyi Zhao have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China

    Weilong Wang, Tianyi Zhao, Hao Dong, Minghong Zhu, Zheng Zhou, Hua Chen & Weiyue Liu

  2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China

    Hua Chen

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  1. Weilong Wang
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  3. Hao Dong
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  6. Hua Chen
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Correspondence to Zheng Zhou or Hua Chen.

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Wang, W., Zhao, T., Dong, H. et al. Spatial–Temporal-Based 3-D Parameters Estimation Method for Near-Field Sources Using Parallel Factor Model. Circuits Syst Signal Process 42, 6367–6378 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-023-02414-2

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