Abstract
This paper extends the concept of face games, introduced by González-Díaz and Sánchez-Rodríguez (Games Econ Behav 62:100–105, 2008) for convex games, to the general class of balanced games. Each face of the core is the core of a face game and contains the best stable allocations for a coalition provided that the members of the complement coalition get their miminum worth inside the core. Since face games are exact we investigate several properties of the exact envelope of a balanced game that allow us to characterize exactness, convexity and decomposability of a game in terms of its face games. The close connection between extreme points of the core and extreme points of the face games is analyzed. In particular, we show that the marginal vectors that belong to the core and the lexinal vectors must be marginal vectors and lexinal vectors, respectively, of the single player face games. Finally, we present several subclasses of games where face games could provide some insight on the core structure.
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Notes
A game such that all of its subgames are exact is called totally exact by Biswas et al. (1999). Obviously if a game is convex then it is totally exact. Conversely, if v is totally exact, then given \(S, T \in 2N\) there exists \(x\in C(v_{| (S\cup T)})\) such that \(x(S\cap T)= v(S\cap T)\) and \(x(S\cup T)=v(S\cup T)\). Then, \(v(S)+v(T)\le x(S)+x(T)=x(S\cup T)+x(S\cap T)=v(S\cup T)+v(S\cap T)\), so v is convex.
This result was initially stated for convex games but, as it is remarked in Shapley (1971), the proof does not use convexity.
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Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad through Grant MTM2017-87197-C3-2-P and by the Xunta de Galicia through the European Regional Development Fund (Grupos de Referencia Competitiva ED431C-2016-040). We also benefited from Grant ECO2016-75712-P (AEI/FEDER,UE) of Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and Grant RGEAF-ECOBAS: ED431B 2019/35 of Xunta de Galicia.
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Mirás Calvo, M.Á., Quinteiro Sandomingo, C. & Sánchez Rodríguez, E. The boundary of the core of a balanced game: face games. Int J Game Theory 49, 579–599 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-019-00703-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-019-00703-2