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Micro-plasma actuator mechanisms in interaction with fluid flow for wind energy applications: operational parameters

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Abstract

Plasma actuator is a flow control device which may be used to improve the performance of wind turbine blades at low airspeeds. One of the most robust numerical models to simulate the interaction of the plasma actuator with the fluid flow is the electrostatic model. This model is improved by the authors. Due to the high cost of performing experimental optimization, the optimization of plasma actuators may be investigated by this numerical model. To optimize the aerodynamic performance of a Delft University (DU) wind turbine airfoil in a full stall condition, we used the operational parameters (voltage, frequency and the waveform) applied to the plasma actuator as the main design variables. We found that increase of the applied frequency up to a certain limit improved the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine airfoil, and higher frequencies had no significant effect. By increasing the voltage, a continuous improvement in the aerodynamic performance was observed, and up to 130% improvement in the lift coefficient was experienced. For the applied voltage, three different waveforms were considered, and it was shown that the rectangular waveform generates a higher lift coefficient with respect to the sinusoidal and triangular waveforms. Results showed that the improved electrostatic model can be used as an effective engineering tool to model effects of different operational parameters and to find an optimum operating condition.

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Abbreviations

\(E\) :

Electric field, N/C

\(f\) :

Frequency, \(\mathrm{Hz}\)

\({f}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Body force vector, N/m3

\({l}_{\mathrm{e}}\) :

Length of electrode, \(\mathrm{m}\)

\({l}_{\mathrm{p}}\) :

Plasma extent, m

\({n}_{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Unit normal vector

\(P\) :

Pressure, Pa

\(T\) :

Temperature, K

\({t}_{\mathrm{d}}\) :

Dielectric thickness, m

\({t}_{\mathrm{e}}\) :

Electrode thickness, m

\({u}_{j}\) :

Velocity component, m/s

\({V}_{\mathrm{app}}\) :

Applied voltage, V

\({V}_{\mathrm{bd}}\) :

Breakdown voltage, V

\(x,y\) :

Coordinates

\({\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{r}}\) :

Relative permittivity

\({\lambda }_{\mathrm{d}}\) :

Debye length, \(\mathrm{m}\)

\(\vartheta\) :

Fluid viscosity,\({\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{s}\)

\(\rho\) :

Density, \(\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\)

\({\rho }_{\mathrm{c}}\) :

Net charge density, \(\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\)

\(\phi\) :

Electric potential of external field, V

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  1. Aerospace Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran

    Javad Omidi & Karim Mazaheri

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  1. Javad Omidi
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Omidi, J., Mazaheri, K. Micro-plasma actuator mechanisms in interaction with fluid flow for wind energy applications: operational parameters. Engineering with Computers 39, 2187–2208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-022-01623-8

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