Abstract
With the rapid development of topology optimization methodology in engineering application, how to deal with the multi-source uncertainties incurs more and more attention. In this study, an efficient single-loop method is proposed for reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) of coupled thermo-mechanical continuum structure under multi-source uncertainties. To this end, a novel coupled thermo-mechanical RBTO model composed of triple-nested loops is first constructed based on fuzzy and probability theories, which aims to deal with the multi-source uncertainty factors, such as temperature rise fluctuation, thermal load variation, material property uncertainty, and manufacture tolerance. Second, a new mixed RBTO approach with single-loop is adopted to eliminate the nested triple loops, which aims to promote computational efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness and high performance of the proposed method are validated through a cantilever beam, clamped beam, and three-dimensional structure.

















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Acknowledgements
The support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 11972143), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant nos. JZ2020HGPA0112, JZ2020HGTA0080), State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment (Grant no. EERI_KF2020002) and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant no. 2008085QA21) are much appreciated.
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Meng, Z., Guo, L., Yıldız, A.R. et al. Mixed reliability-oriented topology optimization for thermo-mechanical structures with multi-source uncertainties. Engineering with Computers 38, 5489–5505 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-022-01662-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-022-01662-1