Abstract
State-of-the-art importance sampling strategies for direct illumination take into account the importance of the incident illumination, as well as the surface BRDF. Hence, these techniques achieve low variance in unoccluded regions. However, the resulting images still have noise in partially occluded regions as these techniques do not take visibility into account during the sampling process.
We introduce the notion of correlated visibility sampling, which considers visibility in partially occluded regions during the sampling process, thereby improving the quality of the shadowed regions. We aim to draw samples in the partially occluded regions according to the triple product of the incident illumination, BRDF and visibility using Monte Carlo sampling followed by Metropolis sampling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwal, S., Ramamoorthi, R., Belongie, S., Jensen, H.W.: Structured importance sampling of environment maps. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22(3), 605–612 (2003)
Burke, D., Ghosh, A., Heidrich, W.: Bidirectional importance sampling for direct illumination. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 147–156 (2005)
Clarberg, P., Jarosz, W., Akenine-Möller, T., Jensen, H.W.: Wavelet importance sampling: Efficiently evalutating products of complex functions. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 24(3), 1166–1175 (2005)
Cline, D., Talbot, J., Egbert, P.: Energy redistribution path tracing. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 24(3), 1186–1195 (2005)
Cohen, J., Debevec, P.: Light-gen. HDRshop plugin (2001). Http://www.ict.usc.edu/∼jcohen/lightgen/lightgen.html
Dutre, P., Jensen, H.W.: SIGGRAPH Course Notes: State of the Art in Monte Carlo Global Illumination (2004)
Fan, S., Chenney, S., Lai, Y.: Metropolis photon sampling with optional user guidance. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 127–138 (2005)
Greene, N.: Environment mapping and other applications of world projections. IEEE CG&A 6(11), 21–29 (1986)
Heidrich, W., Seidel, H.P.: Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’99, pp. 171–178 (1999)
Kautz, J., McCool, M.: Approximation of glossy reflection with prefiltered environment maps. In: Proc. of Graphics Interface, pp. 119–126 (2000)
Kautz, J., Vázquez, P.P., Heidrich, W., Seidel, H.P.: Unified approach to prefiltered environment maps. In: Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 185–196 (2000)
Kirk, J., Arvo, J.: Unbiased sampling techniques for image synthesis. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’91, pp. 153–156 (1991)
Kollig, T., Keller, A.: Efficient illumination by high dynamic range images. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 45–51 (2003)
Lawrence, J., Rusinkiewicz, S., Ramamoorthi, R.: Efficient BRDF importance sampling using a factored representation. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 23(3), 496–505 (2004)
Lawrence, J., Rusinkiewicz, S., Ramamoorthi, R.: Adaptive numerical cumulative distribution functions for efficient importance sampling. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 11–20 (2005)
Lloyd, S.: An optiumization approach to relaxation labelling algorithms. Image Vision Comput. 1(2), 85–91 (1983)
McCool, M.D., Harwood, P.K.: Probability trees. In: Proc. Graphics Interface, pp. 37–46 (1997)
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A.W., Rosenbluth, M.N., Teller, A.H., Teller, E.: Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. J. Chem. Phys. 21(6), 1087–1092 (1953)
Ng, R., Ramamoorthi, R., Hanrahan, P.: All-frequency shadows using non-linear wavelet lighting approximation. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22(3), 376–381 (2003)
Ostromoukhov, V., Donohue, C., Jodoin, P.M.: Fast hierarchical importance sampling with blue noise properties. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 23(3), 488–495 (2004)
Ramamoorthi, R., Hanrahan, P.: An efficient representation for irradiance environment maps. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’01, pp. 497–500 (2001)
Ramamoorthi, R., Hanrahan, P.: Frequency space environment map rendering. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’02, pp. 517–526 (2002)
Secord, A., Heidrich, W., Streit, L.: Fast primitive distribution for illustration. In: Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 215–226 (2002)
Shirley, P.: Realistic Ray Tracing. AK Peters, Natick (2000)
Sloan, P., Kautz, J., Snyder, J.: Precomputed radiance transfer for real-time rendering in dynamic, low-frequency environments. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’02, pp. 527–536 (2002)
Slusallek, P., Pflaum, T., Seidel, H.P.: Using procedural renderman shaders for global illumination. In: Proc. of Eurographics, vol. 14, pp. 311–324 (1995)
Smith, A., Gelfand, A.: Bayesian statistics without tears: a sampling-resampling perspective. Amer. Statist. 46, 84–88 (1992)
Stumpfel, J., Jones, A., Wenger, A., Tchou, C., Hawkins, T., Debevec, P.: Direct HDR capture of the sun and sky (2004). SIGGRAPH 2004 Poster
Szecsi, L., Sbert, M., Szirmay-Kalos, L.: Combined correlated and importance sampling in direct light source computation and environment mapping. In: Proc. of Eurographics, vol. 23, pp. 585–593 (2004)
Talbot, J., Cline, D., Egbert, P.: Importance resampling for global illumination. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 139–146 (2005)
Veach, E., Guibas, L.: Optimally combining sampling techniques for Monte Carlo rendering. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’95, pp. 419–428 (1995)
Veach, E., Guibas, L.: Metropolis light transport. In: Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH ’97, pp. 65–76 (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghosh, A., Heidrich, W. Correlated visibility sampling for direct illumination. Visual Comput 22, 693–701 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-006-0055-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-006-0055-x