Abstract
We present a method for automated reconstruction of building interiors from hand-drawn building sketches. Image processing is used to extract the building’s outline and openings. Then, a procedural generation algorithm creates a floor plan according to user requisites. The proposed method handles a wide variety of input image styles and building shapes, including non-convex polygons. Possible applications include architectural tools and digital content generation.













Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Notes
References
Ahmed, S., Liwicki, M., Weber, M., Dengel, A.: Automatic room detection and room labeling from architectural floor plans. In: Proceedings of the 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, pp. 339–343 (2012)
Canny, J.: A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 8, 679–698 (1986)
Dahl, A., Rinde, L.: Procedural generation of indoor environments. Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology (2008)
Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E.: Use of the Hough transformation to detect lines and curves in pictures. Mag. Commun. ACM 15, 11–15 (1972)
Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E.: Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis, vol. 576. Wiley, New York (1973)
Harris, C., Stephens, M.: A combined corner and edge detector. In: Proceedings of Fourth Alvey Vision Conference, pp. 147–151 (1988)
Hendrikx, M., Meijer, S., Van Der Velden, J., Iosup, A.: Procedural content generation for games: a survey. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMCCAP) 9(1), 1 (2013)
de las Heras, L.-P., Fernandez, D., Valveny, E., Llados, J., Sanchez, G.: Unsupervised wall detector in architectural floor plans. In: Proceedings of the 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 1245–1249 (2013)
Liu, H., Yang, Y.-L., AlHalawani, S., Mitra, N.J.: Constraint-aware interior layout exploration for pre-cast concrete-based buildings. Vis. Comput. 29, 663–673 (2013)
Lopes, R., Tutenel, T., Smelik, R.M, de Kraker, K.J., Bidarra, R.: A constrained growth method for procedural floor plan generation. In: Proceedings of GAME-ON 2010, the 11th international conference on intelligent games and simulation, pp. 13–20 (2010)
MacQueen, J.: Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, vol. 1, pp. 281–297 (1967)
Macé, S., Locteau, H., Valveny, E., Tabbone, S.: A system to detect rooms in architectural floor plan images. In: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, pp. 167–174 (2010)
Marson, F., Musse, S.R.: Automatic real-time generation of floor plans based on squarified treemaps algorithm. Int. J. Comput. Games Technol. 2010, 1–10 (2010)
Merrell, P., Schkufza, E., Koltun, V.: Computer-generated residential building layouts. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 29, 181 (2010)
Peng, C.H., Yang, Y.L., Wonka, P.: Computing layouts with deformable templates. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 33(4), 99 (2014)
Peponis, J., Wineman, J., Rashid, M., Bafna, S.: On the description of shape and spatial configuration inside buildings: convex partitions and their local properties. Environm. Plann. B 24, 761–782 (1997)
Rodrigues, E., Gaspar, A.R., Gomes, Á.: Automated approach for design generation and thermal assessment of alternative floor plans. Energy Build. 81, 170–181 (2014)
Serra, J.: Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. Academic Press Inc, New York (1983)
Smelik, R.M., Tutenel, T., Bidarra, R., Benes, B.: A survey on procedural modelling for virtual worlds. Comput. Graph. Forum 33, 31–50 (2014)
So, C., Baciu, G., Sun, H.: Reconstruction of 3D virtual buildings from 2D architectural floor plans. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 17–23 (1998)
Tomasi, C., Manduchi, R.: Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 839–846 (1998)
Weber, B., Müller, P., Wonka, P., Gross, M.: Interactive geometric simulation of 4d cities. Comput. Graph. Forum 28, 481–492 (2009)
Yeung, W.Y.: Creation of 3D model from 2D floor plan. In: Run Run Shaw Library, City University of Hong Kong (2008)
Yin, X., Wonka, P., Razdan, A.: Generating 3D building models from architectural drawings: a survey. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 29, 20–30 (2009)
Zmugg, R., Thaller, W., Krispel, U., Edelsbrunner, J., Havemann, S., Fellner, D.W.: Procedural architecture using deformation-aware split grammars. Vis. Comput. 30, 1009–1019 (2014)
Acknowledgments
This work was conducted with financial support from the Brazilian research agencies CAPES, CNPq and FAPERGS.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary material 1 (mov 25307 KB)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Camozzato, D., Dihl, L., Silveira, I. et al. Procedural floor plan generation from building sketches. Vis Comput 31, 753–763 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1102-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-015-1102-2