Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Multi-class anisotropic blue noise sampling for discrete element pattern generation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present an element placement method for generating patterns containing “discrete elements”. By extending various blue noise sampling methods, we propose a visually uniform distribution of multi-class elements. Our method also supports tileable aperiodic distribution. Instead of actual elements, for fast calculation, we use a circular or elliptic disk as a proxy of an element when checking conflicts with nearby elements during the distribution process. The nature of our results is comparable to swatches in books, which shows that our method is capable of generating visually appealing swatches for a set of elements. The user study showed that our method outperformed state-of-the-art discrete element texture synthesis approaches in terms of pattern visual quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. AlMeraj, Z., Kaplan, C.S., Asente, P.: Patch-based geometric texture synthesis. In: Proceedings of the symposium on computational aesthetics, CAE ’13, pp. 15–19. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2013). doi:10.1145/2487276.2487278

  2. Barla, P., Breslav, S., Thollot, J., Sillion, F., Markosian, L.: Stroke pattern analysis and synthesis. In: Computer graphics Forum (Proceedings of Eurographics 2006), vol. 25 (2006). http://maverick.inria.fr/Publications/2006/BBTSM06

  3. Bnn: Petit Pattern Book-Pop & Modern (Bnn Pattern Book Series). Ram Distribution (2007)

  4. Bridson, R.: Fast poisson disk sampling in arbitrary dimensions. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 sketches, SIGGRAPH ’07. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2007). doi:10.1145/1278780.1278807

  5. Chen, G., Esch, G., Wonka, P., Müller, P., Zhang, E.: Interactive procedural street modeling. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 Papers, SIGGRAPH ’08, pp. 103:1–103:10. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2008). doi:10.1145/1399504.1360702

  6. Chen, Z., Yuan, Z., Choi, Y.K., Liu, L., Wang, W.: Variational blue noise sampling. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Gr. 18(10), 1784–1796 (2012). doi:10.1109/TVCG.2012.94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cook, R.L.: Stochastic sampling in computer graphics. ACM Trans. Gr. 5(1), 51–72 (1986). doi:10.1145/7529.8927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dalal, K., Klein, A.W., Liu, Y., Smith, K.: A spectral approach to npr packing. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering, NPAR ’06, pp. 71–78. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2006). doi:10.1145/1124728.1124741

  9. Hiller, S., Hellwig, H., Deussen, O.: Beyond stippling methods for distributing objects on the plane. Comput. Gr. Forum 22(3), 515–522 (2003). doi:10.1111/1467-8659.00699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hurtut, T., Landes, P.E., Thollot, J., Gousseau, Y., Drouillhet, R., Coeurjolly, J.F.: Appearance-guided synthesis of element arrangements by example. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on non-photorealistic animation and rendering, NPAR ’09, pp. 51–60. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2009). doi:10.1145/1572614.1572623

  11. Ijiri, T., Mech, R., Igarashi, T., Miller, G.S.P.: An example-based procedural system for element arrangement. Comput. Gr. Forum 27(2), 429–436 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jiang, M., Zhou, Y., Wang, R., Southern, R., Zhang, J.J.: Blue noise sampling using an sph-based method. ACM Trans. Gr. 34(6), 211:1–211:11 (2015). doi:10.1145/2816795.2818102

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kita, N., Miyata, K.: Interactive procedural modeling of pebble mosaics. In: SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 sketches, SA ’11, pp. 35:1–35:2. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011). doi:10.1145/2077378.2077422

  14. Labelle, F., Shewchuk, J.R.: Anisotropic voronoi diagrams and guaranteed-quality anisotropic mesh generation. In: Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on computational geometry, SCG ’03, pp. 191–200. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2003). doi:10.1145/777792.777822

  15. Lagae, A., Dutré, P.: A procedural object distribution function. ACM Trans. Gr. 24(4), 1442–1461 (2005). doi:10.1145/1095878.1095888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lagae, A., Dutr, P.: A comparison of methods for generating poisson disk distributions. Comput. Gr. Forum 27(1), 114–129 (2008). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2007.01100.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Landes, P.E., Galerne, B., Hurtut, T.: A shape-aware model for discrete texture synthesis. Comput. Gr. Forum (Proc. EGSR) 32 (2013)

  18. Li, H., Wei, L.Y., Sander, P.V., Fu, C.W.: Anisotropic blue noise sampling. In: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers, SIGGRAPH ASIA ’10, pp. 167:1–167:12. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2010). doi:10.1145/1866158.1866189

  19. Ma, C., Wei, L.Y., Tong, X.: Discrete element textures. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers, SIGGRAPH ’11, pp. 62:1–62:10. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011). doi:10.1145/1964921.1964957

  20. Mitchell, D.P.: Generating antialiased images at low sampling densities. SIGGRAPH Comput. Gr. 21(4), 65–72 (1987). doi:10.1145/37402.37410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Reinert, B., Ritschel, T., Seidel, H.P.: Interactive by-example design of artistic packing layouts. ACM Trans. Gr. 32(6), 218:1–218:7 (2013). doi:10.1145/2508363.2508409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Reinert, B., Ritschel, T., Seidel, H.P., Georgiev, I.: Projective blue-noise sampling. Comput. Gr. Forum 35(1), 285–295 (2015). doi:10.1111/cgf.12725

  23. Sakurai, K., Miyata, K.: Generating layout of nonperiodic aggregates. In: NICOGRAPH international, pp. 68–75 (2012)

  24. Schmaltz, C., Gwosdek, P., Weickert, J.: Multi-class anisotropic electrostatic halftoning. Comput. Gr. Forum 31(6), 1924–1935 (2012). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03072.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wei, L.Y.: Multi-class blue noise sampling. ACM Trans. Gr. 29(4), 79:1–79:8 (2010). doi:10.1145/1778765.1778816

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wei, L.Y., Lefebvre, S., Kwatra, V., Turk, G.: State of the art in example-based texture synthesis. In: Eurographics ’09 state of the art reports (STARs). Eurographics (2009). http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=79621

  27. Yan, D.M., Guo, J.W., Wang, B., Zhang, X.P., Wonka, P.: A survey of blue-noise sampling and its applications. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 30(3), 439–452 (2015). doi:10.1007/s11390-015-1535-0

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, E., Mischaikow, K., Turk, G.: Vector field design on surfaces. ACM Trans. Gr. 25(4), 1294–1326 (2006). doi:10.1145/1183287.1183290

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan

    Naoki Kita & Kazunori Miyata

Authors
  1. Naoki Kita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kazunori Miyata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoki Kita.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (pdf 15708 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kita, N., Miyata, K. Multi-class anisotropic blue noise sampling for discrete element pattern generation. Vis Comput 32, 1035–1044 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1248-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1248-6

Keywords