Skip to main content
Log in

Robust control of CPG-based 3D neuromusculoskeletal walking model

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biological Cybernetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for enhancing the robustness of the central pattern generator (CPG)-based three-dimensional (3D) neuromusculoskeletal walking controller. The CPG has been successfully applied to walking controllers and controllers for walking robots. However, the robustness of walking motion with the CPG-based controller is not sufficient, especially when subjected to external forces or environmental variations. To achieve a realistic and stable walking motion of the controller, we propose the use of an attracting controller in parallel with the CPG-based controller. The robustness of the proposed controller is confirmed through simulation results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Austin GP, Garrett GE, Bohannon RW (1999) Kinematic analysis of obstacle clearance during locomotion. Gait Posture 10:109–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler RF, Clauser CE, McConville JT, Reynolds HM, Young JW (1975) Investigation of inertial properties of the human body, AMRL-TR-74-137. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH

  • Chao EY, Laughman RK, Schneider E, Stauffer RN (1983) Normative data of knee joint motion and ground reaction forces in adult level walking. J Biomech 49(3): 219–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eng JJ, Winter DA (1995) Kinetic analysis of the lower limbs during walking; what information can be gained from a three-dimensional model?. J Biomech 28(6): 753–758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eng JJ, Winter DA, Patla AE (1994) Strategies for recovery from a trip in early and late swing during human walking. Exp Brain Res 102: 339–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grillner S (1975) Locomotion in vertebrates—central mechanisms and reflex interaction. Physiol Rev 55: 247–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grillner S, Rossignol M (1978) On the initiation of the swing phase locomotion in chronic spinal cats. Brain Res 146: 269–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grillner S, Wallen P (1982) On peripheral control mechanisms acting on the central pattern generators for swimming in the dogfish. J Exp Biol 98: 1–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hase K, Yamazaki N (2002) Computer simulation study of human locomotion with a three-dimensional entire-body neuro-musculo-skeletal model. JSME Int J 45(4): 1040–1050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME (1990) Measurement of Lower Extremity Kinematics During Level Walking. J Orthop Res 8(3): 383–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamada S, Kim S, Obinata G (2009) Task based design method for simpler mechanisms. In: International conference on mechatronics and information technology, pp 365–366, Gwangju, Korea

  • Matsuoka K (1985) Sustained oscillations generated by mutually inhibiting neurons with adaptation. Biol Cybern 52: 367–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka K (1987) Mechanisms of frequency and pattern control in the neural rhythm generators. Biol Cybern 56: 345–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menz HB, Lord SR, Fitzpatrick RC (2003) Acceleration patterns of the head and pelvis when walking on level and irregular surfaces. Gait Posture 18: 35–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milner-Brown HS, Stein RB, Yemm R (1976) Contractile properties of human motor units during voluntary isometric contractions. J Physiol 228: 285–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Misiaszek JE, Stephens MJ, Yang JF, Pearson KG (2000) Early corrective reactions of the leg to perturbations at the torso during walking in humans. Exp Brain Res 131: 511–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moe-Nilssen R (1998) A new method for evaluating motor control in gait under real-life environmental conditions. Clin Biomech 13: 320–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naito J, Obinata G, Nakayama A, Hase K (1007) Development of a wearable robot for assisting carpentry workers. Int J Adv Robot Syst 4(4): 431–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlovsky G, Deliagina TG, Grillner S (1999) Neural control of locomotion: from mollusc to man. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield W, Jasper H (1954) Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Little Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Schillings AM, Van Wezel BMH, Mulder TH, Duysens J (2000) Muscular responses and movement strategies during stumbling over. J Neurophysiol 83: 2093–2102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shik ML, Orlovsky GN (1976) Neurophysiology of locomotor automatism. Physiol Rev 56: 465–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taga G (1995) A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for human locomotion. Biol Cybern 73: 97–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taga G (1998) A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for anticipatory adjustments of human locomotion during obstacle avoidance. Biol Cybern 78: 9–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taga G, Yamaguchi Y, Shimizu H (1991) Self-organized control of bipedal locomotion by neural oscillators in unpredictable environment. Biol Cybern 63: 147–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thies SB, Richardson JK, Ashton-Miller JA (2005) A Effects of surface irregularity and lighting on step variability during gait: a study in healthy young and older women. Gait Posture 22: 26–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thies SB, Ashiton-Miller JA, Richardson JK (2007) What causes a crossover step when walking on uneven ground? A study in healthy young women. Gait Posture 26: 156–160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter DA, Yack HJ (1987) EMG profiles during normal human walking: stride to stride and inter-subject variability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 67: 402–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yack HJ, Berger RC (1993) Dynamic stability in the elderly: identifying a possible measure. J Gerontol 48: 225–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamasaki T, Nomura T, Sato S (2003) Possible functional roles of phase resetting during walking. Biol Cybern 88: 468–496

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zitsiorsky V, Seluyanov V (1983) The mass and inertia characteristics of the main segments of the human body. In: Matsui H, Kobayashi K (eds) Biomechanics VIII-B. Human Kinetics, Champaign, pp 1152–1159

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Youngwoo Kim.

Electronic Supplementary Material

The Below is the Electronic Supplementary Material.

ESM 1 (AVI 1869 kb)

ESM 1 (AVI 3037 kb)

ESM 1 (AVI 1405 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, Y., Tagawa, Y., Obinata, G. et al. Robust control of CPG-based 3D neuromusculoskeletal walking model. Biol Cybern 105, 269–282 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-011-0464-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-011-0464-4

Keywords

Navigation