Abstract
The article presents a parametric study of optimal designs for geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments. A mixed integer design optimization model GRS-BA was developed, which is comprised of an accurate objective function of the construction costs. The cost objective function was constrained by a set of geotechnical and design conditions that were in accordance with current practice rules and recommendations. The optimal design recommendation for GRS bridge abutments was developed. A typical example of such an abutment is presented in order to compare design solutions derived from conventional design methods with solutions obtained from the proposed optimal design procedure.
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- B :
-
Width of the abutment
- C :
-
Reinforcement effective unit parameter
- D :
-
Effective width of the applied load at depth z
- c exc :
-
Unit price of ground excavation
- c sta :
-
Unit price of the fill soil stabilization
- c geo,1 :
-
Coefficient for the cost calculation of various strengths of geotextiles
- c geo,2 :
-
Coefficient for the cost calculation of various strengths of geotextiles
- c fill,re :
-
Unit price of the reinforced fill soil
- c fill,ret :
-
Unit price of the retained fill soil
- c found :
-
Unit price of the concrete for the foundation at the base
- c sill :
-
Unit price of the reinforced concrete for the sill
- c batter :
-
Unit price of the front batter
- DL:
-
Vertical dead load
- d :
-
Clear distance
- FSsliding,sill,min :
-
Minimum safety factor for the sliding failure of the sill
- FSsliding,min :
-
Minimum safety factor for the sliding failure of the reinforced volume
- FSpullout,min :
-
Minimum safety factor against reinforcement pullout
- F 2 :
-
Horizontal load of the bridge
- F* :
-
Pullout resistance factor
- H 1 :
-
Height of the front wall
- H 2 :
-
Height of the back wall
- L :
-
Length of the geosynthetic reinforcement
- L′ :
-
Effective length of the geosynthetic reinforcement
- L e :
-
Length of embedment in the resistant zone behind the failure surface at depth z
- L found :
-
Width of the foundation at the base
- L i :
-
Length of embedment within the influence area inside the resistant zone
- L sill :
-
Width of the sill foundation
- L sill,ef :
-
Effective width of the sill foundation
- LL:
-
Vertical live load
- n prov,H2 :
-
Number of reinforcement layers in the back wall
- n exc,back :
-
Excavation slope of the retained soil
- n exc,face :
-
Inclination of the terrain slope
- q :
-
Traffic surcharge
- P r :
-
Pullout resistance
- R c :
-
Coverage ratio
- RFsill :
-
Reduction factor for the isolated sill
- T :
-
Strength of the geosynthetic reinforcement
- T max :
-
Maximum tensile force in the reinforcement at depth z
- T ε=1% :
-
Minimum required reinforcement stiffness
- t bridge :
-
Thickness of the bridge’s concrete slab
- t wall :
-
Thickness of the wall
- t found :
-
Thickness of the foundation at the base
- t sill :
-
Thickness of the sill
- α :
-
Scale effect correction factor
- γ bridge :
-
Unit weight of the reinforced concrete
- γ conc :
-
Unit weight of the concrete
- γ re :
-
Unit weight of the retained earth
- γ rf :
-
Unit weight of the fill soil
- φ fs :
-
Friction angle of the foundation soil
- φ re :
-
Friction angle of retained earth
- φ rf :
-
Friction angle of the fill soil
- Δh :
-
Spacing between the geosynthetic reinforcement layers
- Δσh :
-
Supplemental horizontal pressure at depth z
- Δσv :
-
Distributed vertical pressure from the sill
- Δσvs :
-
Vertical soil pressure at depth z
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The authors acknowledge financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency; research core Funding No. P2-0268.
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Jelušič, P., Žlender, B. Determining optimal designs for geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutments. Soft Comput 24, 3601–3614 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04127-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04127-8