Abstract
Despite the extensive use of mortar materials in constructions over the last decades, there is not yet a robust quantitative method available in the literature, which can reliably predict their strength based on the mix components. This limitation is attributed to the highly nonlinear relation between the mortar’s compressive strength and the mixed components. In this paper, the application of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting the compressive strength of mortars is investigated. Specifically, Levenberg–Marquardt, biogeography-based optimization, and invasive weed optimization algorithms are used for this purpose (based on experimental data available in the literature). The comparison of the derived results with the experimental findings demonstrates the ability of artificial intelligence techniques to approximate the compressive strength of mortars in a reliable and robust manner.








Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Abualigah L (2020a) Group search optimizer: a nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm with its results, variants, and applications. Neural Comput Appl. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05107-y
Abualigah L (2020b) Multi-verse optimizer algorithm: a comprehensive survey of its results, variants, and applications. Neural Comput Appl 32:12381–12401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-04839-1
Abualigah LM, Khader AT, Hanandeh ES (2018a) Hybrid clustering analysis using improved krill herd algorithm. Appl Intell 48:4047–4071
Abualigah LM, Khader AT, Hanandeh ES (2018b) A new feature selection method to improve the document clustering using particle swarm optimization algorithm. J Comput Sci 25:456–466
Abualigah L, Diabat A, Geem ZW (2020) A comprehensive survey of the harmony search algorithm in clustering applications. Appl Sci 10:3827
Adeli H (2001) Neural networks in civil engineering: 1989–2000. Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng 16:126–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/0885-9507.00219
Ahmadi M, Naderpour H, Kheyroddin A (2014) Utilization of artificial neural networks to prediction of the capacity of CCFT short columns subject to short term axial load. Arch Civ Mech Eng 14:510–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2014.01.006
Akkurt S, Tayfur G, Can S (2004) Fuzzy logic model for the prediction of cement compressive strength. Cem Concr Res 34:1429–1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.01.020
Al-Chaar GK, Alkadi M, Asteris PG (2013) Natural pozzolan as a partial substitute for cement in concrete. Open Constr Build Technol J 7:33–42
Altun F, Kişi Ö, Aydin K (2008) Predicting the compressive strength of steel fiber added lightweight concrete using neural network. Comput Mater Sci 42:259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.07.011
Apostolopoulou M, Armaghani DJ, Bakolas A et al (2019) Compressive strength of natural hydraulic lime mortars using soft computing techniques. Procedia Struct Integr 17:914–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.122
Apostolopoulou M, Asteris PG, Armaghani DJ et al (2020) Mapping and holistic design of natural hydraulic lime mortars. Cem Concr Res 136:106167
Armaghani DJ, Asteris PG (2020) A comparative study of ANN and ANFIS models for the prediction of cement-based mortar materials compressive strength. Neural Comput Appl. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05244-4
Armaghani DJ, Hatzigeorgiou GD, Karamani C et al (2019) Soft computing-based techniques for concrete beams shear strength. Procedia Struct Integr 17:924–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.123
Ashok M, Parande AK, Jayabalan P (2017) Strength and durability study on cement mortar containing nano materials. Adv Nano Res 5:99–111
Asteris PG, Kolovos KG (2019) Self-compacting concrete strength prediction using surrogate models. Neural Comput Appl 31:409–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7
Asteris PG, Mokos VG (2020) Concrete compressive strength using artificial neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 32:11807–11826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04663-2
Asteris PG, Nikoo M (2019a) Artificial bee colony-based neural network for the prediction of the fundamental period of infilled frame structures. Neural Comput Appl 31:4837–4847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-03965-1
Asteris PG, Nikoo M (2019b) Artificial bee colony-based neural network for the prediction of the fundamental period of infilled frame structures. Neural Comput Appl. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-03965-1
Asteris PG, Kolovos KG, Douvika MG, Roinos K (2016) Prediction of self-compacting concrete strength using artificial neural networks. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 20:s102–s122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2016.1246693
Asteris PG, Roussis PC, Douvika MG (2017) Feed-forward neural network prediction of the mechanical properties of sandcrete materials. Sensors 17:1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061344
Asteris PG, Apostolopoulou M, Skentou AD, Moropoulou A (2019a) Application of artificial neural networks for the prediction of the compressive strength of cement-based mortars. Comput Concr 24:329–345. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.4.329
Asteris PG, Ashrafian A, Rezaie-Balf M (2019b) Prediction of the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete using surrogate models. Comput Concr 24:137–150
Asteris PG, Kolovos KG, Athanasopoulou A et al (2019c) Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of metakaolin-based sandcrete mixtures. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 23:300–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2016.1277373
Asteris PG, Apostolopoulou M, Armaghani DJ et al (2020) On the metaheuristic models for the prediction of cement-metakaolin mortars compressive strength. Metaheuristic Comput Appl 1(1):063
Aydogdu I (2017) Cost optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls under seismic loading using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with Levy flights. Eng Optim 49:381–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305215X.2016.1191837
Badogiannis E, Kakali G, Dimopoulou G et al (2005) Metakaolin as a main cement constituent. Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins. Cem Concr Compos 27:197–203
Batis G, Pantazopoulou P, Tsivilis S, Badogiannis E (2005) The effect of metakaolin on the corrosion behavior of cement mortars. Cem Concr Compos 27:125–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.041
Baykasoğlu A, Dereli T, Tanış S (2004) Prediction of cement strength using soft computing techniques. Cem Concr Res 34:2083–2090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.03.028
Belalia Douma O, Boukhatem B, Ghrici M, Tagnit-Hamou A (2017) Prediction of properties of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash using artificial neural network. Neural Comput Appl 28:707–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2368-7
Boussaïd I, Chatterjee A, Siarry P, Ahmed-Nacer M (2012) Biogeography-based optimization for constrained optimization problems. Comput Oper Res 39:3293–3304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2012.04.012
Brooks JJ, Johari MM, Mazloom M (2000) Effect of admixtures on the setting times of high-strength concrete. Cem Concr Compos 22:293–301
Bui K-TT, Tien Bui D, Zou J et al (2018) A novel hybrid artificial intelligent approach based on neural fuzzy inference model and particle swarm optimization for horizontal displacement modeling of hydropower dam. Neural Comput Appl 29:1495–1506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2666-0
Cavaleri L, Chatzarakis GE, Trapani FD et al (2017) Modeling of surface roughness in electro-discharge machining using artificial neural networks. Adv Mater Res 6:169–184
Chakraverty S, Sahoo DM, Mahato NR (2019) McCulloch–Pitts neural network model. In: Chakraverty S, Sahoo DM, Mahato NR (eds) Concepts of soft computing: fuzzy and ANN with programming. Springer, Singapore, pp 167–173
Chang K-T, Merghadi A, Yunus AP et al (2019) Evaluating scale effects of topographic variables in landslide susceptibility models using GIS-based machine learning techniques. Sci Rep 9:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48773-2
Chen H, Asteris PG, Jahed Armaghani D et al (2019) Assessing dynamic conditions of the retaining wall: developing two hybrid intelligent models. Appl Sci 9:1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061042
Christy AA, Raj PADV (2014) Adaptive biogeography based predator–prey optimization technique for optimal power flow. Electr Power Energy Syst 62:344–352
Cizer Ö, Van Balen K, Van Gemert D, Elsen J (2008) Blended cement-lime mortars for conservation purposes: microstructure and strength development. In: 6th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions: preserving safety and significance. CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, London, UK, pp 965–972
Courard L, Darimont A, Schouterden M et al (2003) Durability of mortars modified with metakaolin. Cem Concr Res 33:1473–1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00090-5
Curcio F, DeAngelis BA, Pagliolico S (1998) Metakaolin as a pozzolanic microfiller for high-performance mortars. Cem Concr Res 28:803–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00045-3
Cyr M, Idir R, Escadeillas G, Julien S, Menchon N (2007) Stabilization of industrial by-products in mortars containing metakaolin. Spec Publ 242:51–62. https://doi.org/10.14359/18704
Dao DV, Ly H-B, Trinh SH et al (2019a) Artificial intelligence approaches for prediction of compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Materials 12:983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12060983
Dao DV, Trinh SH, Ly H-B, Pham BT (2019b) Prediction of compressive strength of geopolymer concrete using entirely steel slag aggregates: novel hybrid artificial intelligence approaches. Appl Sci 9:1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061113
Darji MP, Dabhi VK, Prajapati HB (2015) Rainfall forecasting using neural network: a survey. In: 2015 International conference on advances in computer engineering and applications, pp 706–713
Demir F (2008) Prediction of elastic modulus of normal and high strength concrete by artificial neural networks. Constr Build Mater 22:1428–1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.004
Dias WPS, Pooliyadda SP (2001) Neural networks for predicting properties of concretes with admixtures. Constr Build Mater 15:371–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00006-X
Donate JP, Li X, Sánchez GG, de Miguel AS (2013) Time series forecasting by evolving artificial neural networks with genetic algorithms, differential evolution and estimation of distribution algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 22:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-011-0741-0
Eskandari-Naddaf H, Kazemi R (2017) ANN prediction of cement mortar compressive strength, influence of cement strength class. Constr Build Mater 138:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.132
Garg H (2015) An efficient biogeography based optimization algorithm for solving reliability optimization problems. Swarm Evol Comput 24:1–10
Gazder U, Al-Amoudi OSB, Khan SMS, Maslehuddin M (2017) Predicting compressive strength of blended cement concrete with ANNs. Comput Concr 20:627–634
Geng HN, Li Q (2017) Water absorption and hydration products of metakaolin modified mortar. In: Key Eng. Mater. https://www.scientific.net/KEM.726.505. Accessed 13 Jan 2020
Golafshani EM, Behnood A (2019) Estimating the optimal mix design of silica fume concrete using biogeography-based programming. Cem Concr Compos 96:95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.11.005
Gordan B, Jahed Armaghani D, Hajihassani M, Monjezi M (2016) Prediction of seismic slope stability through combination of particle swarm optimization and neural network. Eng Comput 32:85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-015-0400-7
Guo W, Chen M, Wang L et al (2017) A survey of biogeography-based optimization. Neural Comput Appl 28:1909–1926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2179-x
Haddad OB, Hosseini-Moghari S-M, Loáiciga HA (2016) Biogeography-based optimization algorithm for optimal operation of reservoir systems. J Water Resour Plan Manag 142:04015034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000558
Hecht-Nielsen R (1987) Kolmogorov”s mapping neural network existence theorem
Huang L, Asteris PG, Koopialipoor M et al (2019) Invasive weed optimization technique-based ANN to the prediction of rock tensile strength. Appl Sci 9:5372
Ince R (2004) Prediction of fracture parameters of concrete by artificial neural networks. Eng Fract Mech 71:2143–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2003.12.004
Jaafari A, Panahi M, Pham BT et al (2019) Meta optimization of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with grey wolf optimizer and biogeography-based optimization algorithms for spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility. CATENA 175:430–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.12.033
Jafari S, Montazeri-Gh M (2013) Invasive weed optimization for turbojet engine fuel controller gain tuning. Int J Aerosp Sci 2:138–147
Jiang W, Shi Y, Zhao W, Wang X (2016) Parameters identification of fluxgate magnetic core adopting the biogeography-based optimization algorithm. Sensors 16:979. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070979
Kaastra I, Boyd M (1996) Designing a neural network for forecasting financial and economic time series. Neurocomputing 10:215–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(95)00039-9
Kadri E-H, Kenai S, Ezziane K et al (2011) Influence of metakaolin and silica fume on the heat of hydration and compressive strength development of mortar. Appl Clay Sci 53:704–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.06.008
Kanellopoulos I, Wilkinson GG (1997) Strategies and best practice for neural network image classification. Int J Remote Sens 18:711–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697218719
Khademi F, Akbari M, Jamal SM, Nikoo M (2017) Multiple linear regression, artificial neural network, and fuzzy logic prediction of 28 days compressive strength of concrete. Front Struct Civ Eng 11:90–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-016-0363-9
Khater HM (2011) Influence of metakaolin on resistivity of cement mortar to magnesium chloride solution. J Mater Civ Eng 23:1295–1301. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000294
Khatib JM, Wild S (1998) Sulphate resistance of metakaolin mortar. Cem Concr Res 28:83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00210-X
Le T-T, Pham BT, Ly H-B et al (2020) Development of 48-hour precipitation forecasting model using nonlinear autoregressive neural network. In: Ha-Minh C, Dao DV, Benboudjema F et al (eds) CIGOS 2019, innovation for sustainable infrastructure. Springer, Singapore, pp 1191–1196
Lee S-C (2003) Prediction of concrete strength using artificial neural networks. Eng Struct 25:849–857
Li Z, Ding Z (2003) Property improvement of Portland cement by incorporating with metakaolin and slag. Cem Concr Res 33:579–584
Lourakis MIA (2005) A brief description of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm implemented by levmar
Lu S, Koopialipoor M, Asteris PG et al (2020) A novel feature selection approach based on tree models for evaluating the punching shear capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete flat slabs. Materials 13:3902
Ly H-B, Le LM, Phi LV et al (2019a) Development of an AI model to measure traffic air pollution from multisensor and weather data. Sensors 19:4941. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224941
Ly H-B, Le T-T, Le LM et al (2019b) Development of hybrid machine learning models for predicting the critical buckling load of I-shaped cellular beams. Appl Sci 9:5458. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245458
Ly H-B, Monteiro E, Le T-T et al (2019c) Prediction and sensitivity analysis of bubble dissolution time in 3D selective laser sintering using ensemble decision trees. Materials 12:1544
Ly H-B, Pham BT, Dao DV et al (2019d) Improvement of ANFIS model for prediction of compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete. Appl Sci 9:3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183841
Mansouri I, Kisi O (2015) Prediction of debonding strength for masonry elements retrofitted with FRP composites using neuro fuzzy and neural network approaches. Compos Part B Eng 70:247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.023
Mansouri I, Gholampour A, Kisi O, Ozbakkaloglu T (2018) Evaluation of peak and residual conditions of actively confined concrete using neuro-fuzzy and neural computing techniques. Neural Comput Appl 29:873–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2492-4
Mardani-Aghabaglou A, İnan Sezer G, Ramyar K (2014) Comparison of fly ash, silica fume and metakaolin from mechanical properties and durability performance of mortar mixtures view point. Constr Build Mater 70:17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.089
Mashhadban H, Kutanaei SS, Sayarinejad MA (2016) Prediction and modeling of mechanical properties in fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete using particle swarm optimization algorithm and artificial neural network. Constr Build Mater 119:277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.034
Masters (1993) Practical neural network recipies in C++, 1st edn. Morgan Kaufmann, Boston
McCulloch WS, Pitts W (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull Math Biophys 5:115–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02478259
Mehrabian AR, Lucas C (2006) A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization. Ecol Inform 1:355–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2006.07.003
Misaghi M, Yaghoobi M (2019) Improved invasive weed optimization algorithm (IWO) based on chaos theory for optimal design of PID controller. J Comput Des Eng 6:284–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.01.001
Mohamad ET, Faradonbeh RS, Armaghani DJ et al (2017) An optimized ANN model based on genetic algorithm for predicting ripping production. Neural Comput Appl 28:393–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2359-8
Mousavi SM, Mostafavi ES, Jiao P (2017) Next generation prediction model for daily solar radiation on horizontal surface using a hybrid neural network and simulated annealing method. Energy Convers Manag 153:671–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.09.040
Naderpour H, Mirrashid M (2018) An innovative approach for compressive strength estimation of mortars having calcium inosilicate minerals. J Build Eng 19:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.012
Nguyen H, Drebenstedt C, Bui X-N, Bui DT (2019a) Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in an open-pit mine by a novel hybrid model based on clustering and artificial neural network. Nat Resour Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09470-z
Nguyen H-L, Le T-H, Pham C-T et al (2019b) Development of hybrid artificial intelligence approaches and a support vector machine algorithm for predicting the marshall parameters of stone matrix asphalt. Appl Sci 9:3172. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153172
Nguyen H-L, Pham BT, Son LH et al (2019c) Adaptive network based fuzzy inference system with meta-heuristic optimizations for international roughness index prediction. Appl Sci 9:4715. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214715
Niknamfar AH, Niaki STA (2018) A binary-continuous invasive weed optimization algorithm for a vendor selection problem. Knowl-Based Syst 140:158–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.11.004
Nikoo M, Torabian Moghadam F, Sadowski Ł (2015) Prediction of concrete compressive strength by evolutionary artificial neural networks. In: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2015/849126/. Accessed 23 May 2019
Oh T-K, Kim J, Lee C, Park S (2017) Nondestructive concrete strength estimation based on electro-mechanical impedance with artificial neural network. J Adv Concr Technol 15:94–102. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.15.94
Onyari EK, Ikotun BD (2018) Prediction of compressive and flexural strengths of a modified zeolite additive mortar using artificial neural network. Constr Build Mater 187:1232–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.079
Özcan F, Atiş CD, Karahan O et al (2009) Comparison of artificial neural network and fuzzy logic models for prediction of long-term compressive strength of silica fume concrete. Adv Eng Softw 40:856–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2009.01.005
Pala M, Özbay E, Öztaş A, Yuce MI (2007) Appraisal of long-term effects of fly ash and silica fume on compressive strength of concrete by neural networks. Constr Build Mater 21:384–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.009
Paola JD, Schowengerdt RA (1995) A review and analysis of backpropagation neural networks for classification of remotely-sensed multi-spectral imagery. Int J Remote Sens 16:3033–3058. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954607
Parande AK, Ramesh Babu B, Aswin Karthik M et al (2008) Study on strength and corrosion performance for steel embedded in metakaolin blended concrete/mortar. Constr Build Mater 22:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.10.003
Pavlíková M, Brtník T, Keppert M, Černý R (2009) Effect of metakaolin as partial Portland-cement replacement on properties of high performance mortars. Cem Wapno Beton 29:113–122
Pham BT, Nguyen MD, Bui K-TT et al (2019a) A novel artificial intelligence approach based on multi-layer perceptron neural network and biogeography-based optimization for predicting coefficient of consolidation of soil. CATENA 173:302–311
Pham BT, Nguyen MD, Dao DV et al (2019b) Development of artificial intelligence models for the prediction of compression coefficient of soil: an application of monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Sci Total Environ 679:172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.061
Pham BT, Le LM, Le T-T et al (2020a) Development of advanced artificial intelligence models for daily rainfall prediction. Atmos Res 237:104845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104845
Pham BT, Nguyen MD, Ly H-B et al (2020b) Development of artificial neural networks for prediction of compression coefficient of soft soil. In: Ha-Minh C, Dao DV, Benboudjema F et al (eds) CIGOS 2019, innovation for sustainable infrastructure. Springer, Singapore, pp 1167–1172
Phong TV, Phan TT, Prakash I et al (2019) Landslide susceptibility modeling using different artificial intelligence methods: a case study at Muong Lay district. Vietnam Geocarto Int. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2019.1665715
Poon C-S, Kou SC, Lam L (2006) Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete. Constr Build Mater 20:858–865
Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Potgieter JH (2006) Metakaolin as an extender in South African cement. J Mater Civ Eng 18:619–623. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(619)
Reddy TCS (2018) Predicting the strength properties of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete using artificial neural network. Front Struct Civ Eng 12:490–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-017-0445-3
Ripley BD (2008) Pattern recognition and neural networks, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Rogers LL, Dowla FU (1994) Optimization of groundwater remediation using artificial neural networks with parallel solute transport modeling. Water Resour Res 30:457–481. https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01494
Roshni T, Jha MK, Deo RC, Vandana A (2019) Development and evaluation of hybrid artificial neural network architectures for modeling spatio-temporal groundwater fluctuations in a complex aquifer system. Water Resour Manag 33:2381–2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02253-4
Roy B, Singh MP, Singh A (2019) A novel approach for rainfall-runoff modelling using a biogeography-based optimization technique. Int J River Basin Manag. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2019.1628035
Sabir BB (1998) The effects of curing temperature and water/binder ratio on the strength of metakaolin concrete. In: Sixth CANMET/ACI international conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, supplementary volume. Bangkok, Thailand, pp 493–506
Sabir BB, Wild S, Bai J (2001) Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review. Cem Concr Compos 23:441–454
Sadowski L, Nikoo M (2014) Corrosion current density prediction in reinforced concrete by imperialist competitive algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 25:1627–1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1645-6
Safiuddin M, Raman SN, Abdus Salam M, Jumaat MZ (2016) Modeling of compressive strength for self-consolidating high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash. Materials 9:396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050396
Saidat F, Mouret M, Cyr M (2012) Chemical activation of metakaolin in cement-based materials. Spec Publ 288:1–15. https://doi.org/10.14359/51684247
Salehi H, Burgueño R (2018) Emerging artificial intelligence methods in structural engineering. Eng Struct 171:170–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.084
Saloma H, Urmila D (2017) The effect of water binder ratio and fly ash on the properties of foamed concrete. AIP Conf Proc 1903:050011. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011550
Sang H-Y, Duan P-Y, Li J-Q (2018) An effective invasive weed optimization algorithm for scheduling semiconductor final testing problem. Swarm Evol Comput 38:42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2017.05.007
Sarıdemir M (2009) Predicting the compressive strength of mortars containing metakaolin by artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. Adv Eng Softw 40:920–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.12.008
Schmidhuber J (2015) Deep learning in neural networks: an overview. Neural Netw 61:85–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003
Sharma R, Vashisht V, Singh U (2019) Fuzzy modelling based energy aware clustering in wireless sensor networks using modified invasive weed optimization. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.11.014
Siddique R, Klaus J (2009) Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: a review. Appl Clay Sci 43:392–400
Simon D (2008) Biogeography-based optimization. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 12:702–713
Srinivas STP, Shanti SK (2019) Application of improved invasive weed optimization technique for optimally setting directional overcurrent relays in power systems. Appl Soft Comput 79:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.03.045
Suganthan PN, Hansen N, Liang JJ, et al (2005) Problem definition and evaluation criteria for the CEC 2005. Special session on realparameter optimization
Sumasree C, Sajja S (2016) Effect of metakaolin and cerafibermix on mechanical and durability properties of mortars. Int J Sci Eng Technol 4(3):501–506
Topçu İB, Sarıdemir M (2008) Prediction of compressive strength of concrete containing fly ash using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. Comput Mater Sci 41:305–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.04.009
Trtnik G, Kavčič F, Turk G (2009) Prediction of concrete strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity and artificial neural networks. Ultrasonics 49:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2008.05.001
Türkmen İ, Bingöl AF, Tortum A et al (2017) Properties of pumice aggregate concretes at elevated temperatures and comparison with ANN models. Fire Mater 41:142–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2374
Vu DD, Stroeven P, Bui VB (2001) Strength and durability aspects of calcined kaolin-blended Portland cement mortar and concrete. Cem Concr Compos 23:471–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00091-3
Wang C (1994) A theory of generalization in learning machines with neural network applications. Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania
Wang S, Zhang Y, Ji G et al (2015) Fruit Classification by wavelet-entropy and feedforward neural network trained by fitness-scaled chaotic ABC and biogeography-based optimization. Entropy 17:5711–5728. https://doi.org/10.3390/e17085711
Waszczyszyn Z, Ziemiański L (2001) Neural networks in mechanics of structures and materials—new results and prospects of applications. Comput Struct 79:2261–2276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(01)00083-9
Wen S, Chen J, Li Y, et al (2017) Enhancing the performance of biogeography-based optimization using multitopology and quantitative orthogonal learning. In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2017/2314927/. Accessed 2 Jul 2019
Wild S, Khatib JM, Jones A (1996) Relative strength, pozzolanic activity and cement hydration in superplasticised metakaolin concrete. Cem Concr Res 26:1537–1544
Witten IH, Frank E, Hall MA, Pal CJ (2016) Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington
Xiong G, Shi D, Duan X (2013) Multi-strategy ensemble biogeography-based optimization for economic dispatch problems. Appl Energy 111:801–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.095
Xu H, Zhou J, Asteris GP, et al (2019) Supervised machine learning techniques to the prediction of tunnel boring machine penetration rate. Appl Sci 9:3715
Zheng Z, Li J, Han Y (2019) An improved invasive weed optimization algorithm for solving dynamic economic dispatch problems with valve-point effects. J Exp Theor Artif Intell. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2019.1673488
Zhou Y, Luo Q, Chen H (2013) A novel differential evolution invasive weed optimization algorithm for solving nonlinear equations systems. J. Appl. Math. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2013/757391/. Accessed 14 Jan 2020
Zhou J, Asteris PG, Armaghani DJ, Pham BT (2020) Prediction of ground vibration induced by blasting operations through the use of the Bayesian network and random forest models. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 139:106390
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human and animal rights
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Asteris, P.G., Cavaleri, L., Ly, HB. et al. Surrogate models for the compressive strength mapping of cement mortar materials. Soft Comput 25, 6347–6372 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05626-3
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05626-3