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Reinforced modified equilibrium optimization technique-based MS-PID frequency regulator for a hybrid power system with renewable energy sources

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Abstract

In this research work, a novel approach is proposed by introducing numerous scaling factors in the original equilibrium optimization technique which can be named as modified equilibrium optimization (MEO) algorithm and is utilized for the load frequency control (LFC) of two-area hybrid distributed power system. The introduced MEO meta-heuristic algorithm is compared with a standard EO algorithm and other meta-heuristic algorithms for different standard benchmark test functions. Furthermore, the genuine utilization of the MEO algorithm is tried by designing a multi-stage PID (MS-PID) controller for frequency regulation of the power system with distributed energy sources including renewable sources. The supremacy of the reinforced MEO methodology-based MS-PID controller for enhanced frequency regulation is presented and its outcomes are compared with the EO-tuned PID and MS-PID. From the performance comparison, it is recognized that the MEO-based MS-PID controller is more efficacious.

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Abbreviations

K WTG, T WTG :

Gain and time constant of wind turbine

K PV, T PV :

Gain and time constant of PV system

K HAE, T HAE :

Gain and time constant of hydro-aqua-electrolyser

K FC, T FC :

Gain and time constant of fuel cell

K FESS, T FESS :

Gain and time constant of flywheel energy storage

K DEG, T DEG :

Gain and time constant of diesel engine generator

K MTG, T MTG :

Gain and time constant of micro-turbine

K P, T P :

Gain and time constant of power system

Δf 1 :

Frequency excursion in area-1

Δf 2 :

Frequency excursion in area-2

ΔP tie :

Tie-line power excursion

AGC:

Automatic generation control

BESS:

Battery energy storage system

DEG:

Diesel engine generator

DG:

Diesel generation sources

FC:

Fuel cell

HAE:

Hydro-aqua-electrolyser

LFC:

Load frequency control

MTG:

Micro-turbine

RES:

Renewable energy source

WTG:

Wind turbine generator

PV:

Photovoltaic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India

    Amit Kumar

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 761211, India

    Rajendra Kumar Khadanga

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, 768018, India

    Sidhartha Panda

Authors
  1. Amit Kumar
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  2. Rajendra Kumar Khadanga
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  3. Sidhartha Panda
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Correspondence to Amit Kumar.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

See Table 7.

Table 7 Standard benchmark functions description
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Kumar, A., Khadanga, R.K. & Panda, S. Reinforced modified equilibrium optimization technique-based MS-PID frequency regulator for a hybrid power system with renewable energy sources. Soft Comput 26, 5437–5455 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06558-8

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