Abstract
This paper proposes a local texture feature descriptor which fuses the center pixel information into the Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CS-LBP) for the purpose of face recognition. Because of its tolerance to illumination changes, and computational efficiency, the CS-LBP is widely used in face recognition. But this operator completely ignores the center pixel information which may affect the discriminative result in some applications. In order to take advantage of more useful information, this paper fuses the center pixel information into CS-LBP descriptor, namely CS-LBP/Center. In face recognition, the face image is first divided into small blocks from which CS-LBP/Center histograms are extracted and then weighted by image entropy. Finally, all the weighted histograms are connected serially to create a final texture descriptor for face recognition. The experimental results on some face datasets show that a higher recognition accuracy can be obtained by employing the proposed method with nearest neighbor classification.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Er MJ, Wu SQ, Lu JW, Toh HL (2002) Face recognition using radial basis function (RBD) neural networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 13(3):697–710
Er MJ, Chen WL, Wu SQ (2005) High-speed face recognition based on discrete cosine transform and RBF neural networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 16(3):679–691
Chen WL, Er MJ, Wu SQ (2006) Illumination compensation and normalisation for robust face recognition using discrete cosine transform on logarithm domain. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B 36(2):458–466
Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikainen M (2004) Face recognition with local binary patterns. Lect Notes Comput Sci 30(21):469–481
Guo Z, Zhang L, Zhang D (2010) A completed modeling of local binary pattern operator for texture classification. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(6):1657–1663
Haralik RM, Shanmugam K, Dinstein I (1973) Texture features for image classification. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 3(6):610–621
Randen T, Husy JH (1999) Filtering for texture classification: a comparative study. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 21(4):291–310
Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Harwood D (1996) A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distributions. Pattern Recogn 29(1):51–59
Ojala T, Valkealahti K, Oja E, Pietikainen M (2001) A texture discrimination with Multi-Dimensional distributions of signed gray level differences. Pattern Recogn 34:727–739
Pietikainen M, Ojala T, Xu Z (2000) A Rotation-Invariant texture classification using feature distributions. Pattern Recogn 33:43–52
Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Maenpaa T (2002) Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(7):971–987
Zhao G, Pietikainen M (2007) Dynamic texture recognition using Local Binary Patterns with an application to facial expressions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(6):915–928
Guo Z, Zhang L, Zhang D (2010) Rotation invariant texture classification using LBP variance (LBPV) with global matching. Pattern Recogn 43(3):706–719
Hong X, Zhao G, Pietikainen M, Chen X (2014) Combining LBP difference and feature correlation for texture description. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 23(6):2557–2668
Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikainen M (2006) Face recognition with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 28(12):2037–2041
Lei Z, Liao S, He R, Pietikainen M, Li SZ (2008) Gabor volume based local binary pattern for face representation and recognition. In: Proceedings of the automatic face and gesture recognition
Tan X, Triggs B (2007) Enhanced local texture feature sets for face recognition under difficult lighting conditions. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on analysis and modeling of faces and gestures, pp 168–182
Haflane A, Seetharaman G, Zavidovique B (2007) Median bi- nary pattern for textures classification. In: Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on image analysis and recognition. Springer, Montreal, Canada, pp 387–398
Heikkila M, Pietikainen M, Schmid C (2006) Description of interest regions with local binary patterns ICVGIP, (4338) of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, pp 58–69
Gupta R, Patil H, Mittal A (2010) Robust order-based methods for feature description. In: 2010 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)
Lowe DG (2004) Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vis 60:91–110
Phillips P, Wechsler H, Huang J, Rauss P (1998) The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face-recognition algorithms. Transactions on Image and Vision Computing 16(5):295–306
Georghiades AS, Belhumeur PN, Kriegman DJ (2001) From few to many illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23(6):643–660
Lee K-C, Ho J, Kriegman D (2005) Acquiring linear subspaces for face recognition under variable lighting. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(5):1–15
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Associate Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions regarding this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
This work is supported by State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Control of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 61170322, No. 61373065 and No. 61302157
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, N., Constantinides, A.G., Huang, G. et al. Face recognition based on an improved center symmetric local binary pattern. Neural Comput & Applic 30, 3791–3797 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-2963-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-2963-2