Abstract
This paper discusses the cooperative output regulation (COR) problem for the heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems (MAS)s with time-varying communication topologies. Both full distributed state asynchronous edge-event triggered adaptive controller and dynamic output feedback asynchronous edge-event triggered adaptive controller are designed, which all can ensure that COR problem is achieved and Zeno behavior will not exist in the MASs. Different from other works about COR problem, one of the highlights of the paper is that agents in the MASs are divided into three groups, that is, exosystem, informed agents directly receive external signal and uninformed agents that cannot directly receive external signal. The communication between the exosystem and the informed agents is not continuous by designing the event-triggered mechanism or asynchronous edge-based mechanism in the link composed of the exosystem and the informed agent. Between the informed agent and the uninformed agent, the asynchronous edge-based mechanism is proposed to reduce communication in the MASs. The methods designed can effectively reduce the waste of system resources. Note that the triggering mechanisms and adaptive controllers are all not required global information of the networks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yuan C, He H (2018) Cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with a leader of bounded inputs. IET Control Theory Appl 12(2):233–242
Sun Q, Han R, Zhang H, Zhou J, Guerrero JM (2015) A multiagent-based consensus algorithm for distributed coordinated control of distributed generators in the energy internet. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6(6):3006–3019
Dong X, Ren Z, Zhong Y (2017) Time-varying formation tracking for second-order multi-agent systems subjected to switching topologies with application to quadrotor formation flying. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 64(6):5014–5024
Xia Y, Na X, Sun Z, Chen J (2016) Formation control and collision avoidance for multi-agent systems based on position estimation. ISA Trans 61:287–296
Li Z, Duan Z, Ren W, Feng G (2015) Containment control of linear multi-agent systems with multiple leaders of bounded inputs using distributed continuous controllers. Int J Robust Nonlinear Control 25:2101–2121
Gong Y, Wen G, Peng Z, Huang T, Chen Y (2019) Observer-based time-varying formation control of fractional-order multi-agent systems with general linear dynamics. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2899063
Cheng B, Li Z (2019) Fully distributed event-triggered protocols for linear multiagent networks. IEEE Trans Autom Control 64(4):1655–1662
Deng C, Che W, Shi P (2019) Cooperative fault-tolerant output regulation for multi-agent systems by distributed learning control approach. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2019,2958151
Su Y, Huang J (2012) Cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems. IEEE Trans Autom Control 57(4):1336–1341
Zhang J, Zhang H, Cai Y, Lu Y (2019) Distributed cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems based on event- and self-triggered control with undirected topology. ISA Trans. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2019.08.064
Hu W, Liu L (2017) Cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems by event-triggered control. IEEE Trans Cybern 47(1):105–116
Meng X, Xie L, Soh Y (2018) Event-triggered output regulation of heterogeneous multi-agent networks. IEEE Trans Autom Control 63(12):4429–4434
Wang L, Wen C, Liu Z, Su H, Cai J (2019) Robust cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous uncertain linear multi-agent systems with time-varying communication topologies. IEEE Trans Autom Control. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2019.2954349
Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhang K, Liu C (2019) Fuzzy adaptive dynamic programming-based optimal leader-following consensus for heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems. Neural Comput Appl. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04263-0
Jia H, Zhao J (2018) Cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous multiagent systems based on event-triggered control with fixed and switching topologies. Int J Robust Nonlinar Control 28(3):838–858
Deng C, Yang G (2019) Distributed adaptive fault-tolerant control approach to cooperative output regulation for linear multi-agent systems. Automatica 103:62–68
Hu W, Liu L, Feng G (2018) Cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems by intermittent communication: a unified framework of time- and event-triggering strategies. IEEE Trans Autom Control 63(2):548–555
Wang X, Ni W, Ma Z (2014) Distributed event-triggered output regulation of multi-agent systems. Int J Control 83(3):640–652
Su Y, Huang J (2012) Cooperative output regulation with application to multi-agent consensus under switching network. IEEE Trans Cybern 42(3):864–875
Deng C, Er M, Yang G, Wang N (2019) Event-triggered consensus of linear multi-agent systems with time-varying communication delays. IEEE Trans Cybern. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2019.2922740
Yang D, Ren W, Liu X, Chen W (2016) Decentralized event-triggered consensus for linear multi-agent systems under general directed graphs. Automatic 69:242–249
Yang R, Zhang H, Feng G, Yan H (2018) Distributed event-triggered adaptive control for cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous multiagent systems under switching topology. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 24(8):4347–4358
Cheng T, Kan Z, Klotz J, Shea J, Dixon W (2017) Event-triggered control of multiagent systems for fixed and time-varying network topologies. IEEE Trans Autom Control 6(10):5365–5371
Hu W, Liu L, Feng G (2019) Event-triggered cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems under jointly connected topologies. IEEE Trans Autom Control 64(3):1317–1322
Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhang K, Liang Y (2019) Distributed leader-following consensus of heterogeneous second-order time-varying nonlinear multi-agent systems under directed switching topology. Neurocomputing 325:31–47
Qian Y, Liu L, Feng G (2019) Distributed dynamic event-triggered control for cooperative output regulation of linear multiagent systems. IEEE Trans Cybern. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2019.2905931
Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang W (2019) Cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems via fully distributed event-triggered adaptive control. Neurocomputing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.12.047
Yang R, Zhang H, Feng G, Yan H, Wang Z (2019) Robust cooperative output regulation of multi-agent systems via adaptive event-triggered control. Automatica 102:129–136
Cheng B, Li Z (2019) Coordinated tracking control with asynchronous edge-based event-triggered communication. IEEE Trans Autom Control 64(10):4321–4328
Yang J, Xiao F, Ma J (2019) Model-based edge-event triggered containment control under directed topologies. IEEE Trans Cybern 49(7):2556–2567
Huang J (2004) Nonlinear output regulation: theory and applications. SIAM, Philadelphia
Sun Z, Huang N, Anderson B, Duan Z (2020) Event-based multiagent consensus control: zeno-free triggering via \({\cal{L}}^p\) signals. IEEE Trans Cybern 50(1):284–296
Khalil HK (2012) Nonlinear systems, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Deng C, Wen C (2020) Distributed resilient observer-based fault-tolerant control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under actuator faults and DoS attacks. IEEE Trans Control Netw Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2020.2972601
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61627809, 61433004, 61621004), and Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1801005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work. And there are no potential conflicts of interest with respect to this work.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Lu, Y. et al. Cooperative output regulation of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems with edge-event triggered adaptive control under time-varying topologies. Neural Comput & Applic 32, 15573–15584 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-04883-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-04883-x