Skip to main content
Log in

Occluded suspect search via channel-guided mechanism

  • S.I. : ATCI 2020
  • Published:
Neural Computing and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To elude from the camera, suspects often hide behind other things or persons, leading to a series of occlusion patterns. These suspects are notoriously hard to search due to the substantially various appearance in the intricate occlusion patterns. Existing methods solving occlusion problem depend on learning several frequent patterns separately. It brings not only high consumption but also less coverage of patterns in real application scenarios. Different from the current researches which only concern certain patterns that do not synthesize the occlusion patterns in practical applications, we consider a wide range of occlusion patterns which conform the real application scenarios in one coherent model with less interference of both the occlusion and background areas and without redundant computation. Consequently, we propose a channel-guided mechanism (CGM) for occluded suspect search in this paper. The core idea is that different body areas have been activated via different channels in convolutional neural networks. By suppressing the effects of the interference areas, such as occlusion and background areas, we can filter out the visible areas which are the essential elements for the occlusion patterns. Channel-aware attention is introduced to learn the relation between areas and channels. Furthermore, we can identify suspects using a rule which focuses more on the visible area and focuses less on the occluded area in the specific occlusion pattern. Extensive evaluations on two challenging datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed CGM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Song W, Zheng J, Wu Y, Chen C, Liu F (2019) A two-stage attribute-constraint network for video-based person re-identification. IEEE Access 7:8508–8518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lin L, Luo H, Huang R, Ye M (2019) Recurrent models of visual co-attention for person re-identification. IEEE Access 7:8865–8875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li T, Sun L, Han C, Guo J (2018) Salient region-based least-squares log-density gradient clustering for image-to-video person re-identification. IEEE Access 6:8638–8648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nanda A, Sa PK, Choudhury SK, Bakshi S, Majhi B (2017) A neuromorphic person re-identification framework for video surveillance. IEEE Access 5:6471–6482

    Google Scholar 

  5. Xiao T, Li S, Wang B, Lin L, Wang X (2017) Joint detection and identification feature learning for person search. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3376–3385

  6. Zheng L, Zhang H, Sun S, Chandraker M, Yang Y, Tian Q (2017) Person re-identification in the wild. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3346–3355

  7. Enzweiler M, Eigenstetter A, Schiele B, Gavrila DM (2010) Multi-cue pedestrian classification with partial occlusion handling. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 990–997

  8. Wu B, Nevatia R (2005) Detection of multiple, partially occluded humans in a single image by Bayesian combination of edgelet part detectors. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 90–97

  9. Mathias M, Benenson R, Timofte R, Van Gool V (2014) Handling occlusions with franken-classifiers. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 1505–1512

  10. Tian Y, Luo P, Wang X, Tang X (2015) Deep learning strong parts for pedestrian detection. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 1904–1912

  11. Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Conference and workshop on neural information processing systems (NeurIPS), pp 91–99

  12. Zheng L, Shen L, Tian L, Wang S, Wang J, Tian Q (2016) Scalable person re-identification: a benchmark. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 1116–1124

  13. Liao S, Hu Y, Zhu X, Li SZ (2015) Person re-identification by local maximal occurrence representation and metric learning. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2197–2206

  14. Zhao R, Ouyang W, Wang X (2013) Unsupervised salience learning for person re-identification. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3586–3593

  15. Koestinger M, Hirzer M, Wohlhart P, Roth PM, Bischof H (2012) Large scale metric learning from equivalence constraints. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2288–2295

  16. Dalal N, Triggs B (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 886–893

  17. Dollár P, Appel R, Belongie SJ, Perona P (2014) Fast feature pyramids for object detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 36(8):1532–1545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Nam W, Dollar P, Han JH (2014) Local decorrelation for improved pedestrian detection. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, volume 27: annual conference on neural information processing systems 2014, December 8–13 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp 424–432

  19. Zhang S, Benenson R, Schiele B (2015) Filtered channel features for pedestrian detection. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1751–1760

  20. Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 580–587

  21. Girshick R (2015) Fast r-CNN. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision 2015, pp 1440–1448

  22. Redmon J, Farhadi A (2018) Yolov3: an incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767

  23. Liu W, Anguelov D, Erhan D, Szegedy C, Reed S, Fu CY, Berg AC (2016) Ssd: single shot multibox detector. In: European conference on computer vision, pp 21–37

  24. Xiao T, Li S, Wang B, Lin L, Wang X (2016) End-to-end deep learning for person search. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.01850

  25. Mathias M, Benenson R, Timofte R, Van Gool L (2013) Handling occlusions with franken-classifiers. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 1505–1512

  26. Farenzena M, Bazzani L, Perina A, Murino V, Cristani M (2010) Person re-identification by symmetry-driven accumulation of local features. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2360–2367

  27. Dollar P, Tu Z, Perona P, Belongie S (2009) Integral channel features. In: British machine vision conference, pp 1–11

  28. Ouyang W, Wang X (2012) A discriminative deep model for pedestrian detection with occlusion handling. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3258–3265

  29. Tian Y, Luo P, Wang X, Tang X (2016) Deep learning strong parts for pedestrian detection. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 1904–1912

  30. Zhao L, Li X, Zhuang Y, Wang J (2017) Deeply-learned part-aligned representations for person re-identification. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 3239–3248

  31. Ouyang W, Zeng X, Wang X (2015) Single-pedestrian detection aided by two-pedestrian detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 37(9):1875–1889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Tang S, Andriluka M, Schiele B (2014) Detection and tracking of occluded people. Int J Comput Vis 110(1):58–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ouyang W, Wang X (2014) Joint deep learning for pedestrian detection. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 2056–2063

  34. Zhou C, Yuan J (2017) Multi-label learning of part detectors for heavily occluded pedestrian detection. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 3506–3515

  35. Bell S, Lawrence Zitnick C, Bala K, Girshick R (2016) Inside-outside net: detecting objects in context with skip pooling and recurrent neural networks. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2874–2883

  36. Jaderberg M, Simonyan K, Zisserman A, Kavukcuoglu K (2015) Spatial transformer networks. In: Conference and workshop on neural information processing systems (NeurIPS), pp 2017–2025

  37. Newell A, Yang K, Deng J (2016) Stacked hourglass networks for human pose estimation. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 483–499

  38. Hu J, Shen L, Sun G (2018) Squeeze-and-excitation networks. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR 2018, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, June 18–22, 2018, pp 7132–7141

  39. Bau D, Zhou B, Khosla A, Oliva A, Torralba A (2017) Network dissection: quantifying interpretability of deep visual representations. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR 2017, Honolulu, HI, USA, July 21–26, 2017, pp 3319–3327

  40. He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770–778

  41. Zhang S, Benenson R, Schiele B (2017) Citypersons: a diverse dataset for pedestrian detection. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR 2017, Honolulu, HI, USA, July 21–26, 2017, pp 4457–4465

  42. Felzenszwalb PF, Girshick RB, McAllester DA, Ramanan D (2010) Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(9):1627–1645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang B, Yan J, Lei Z, Li SZ (2015) Convolutional channel features. In IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 82–90

  44. Xiao J, Xie Y, Tillo T, Huang K, Feng J (2019) IAN: the individual aggregation network for person search. Pattern Recognit 87:332–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Xiao J, Xie Y, Tillo T, Huang K, Feng J (2017) Neural person search machines. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, pp 493–501

  46. Wu L, Shen C, Van Den Hengel A (2016) Personnet: person re-identification with deep convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.07255

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (U1803262, U1736206, 61876135) and National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0803700).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruimin Hu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, W., Hu, R., Wang, X. et al. Occluded suspect search via channel-guided mechanism. Neural Comput & Applic 33, 961–971 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05314-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05314-7

Keywords

Navigation