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CAM-K: a novel framework for automated estimating pixel area using K-Means algorithm integrated with deep learning based-CAM visualization techniques

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Abstract

This study proposed and implemented a novel framework that can automatically generate accurate area estimation of the identified brick-labeled pixels with the pixel-based intersection of union (IoU) technique. This novel framework employs a combination of fully convolutional neural network with class activation map and K-Means algorithm (CAM-K) to classify, visualize and calculate the pixel areas of brick-labeled images. The existing IoU method based on ground truth and estimated bounding boxes is not suitable for the calculation of localized pixel area. Experiment with our CAM-K framework revealed that it can reliably estimate the pixel areas of the detected object in classified images. Compared with the current state of IoU application, the proposed framework can realize specifically just those targeted pixels objects, and therefore, it can offer a far more realistic IoU metric.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Kemal Hacıefendioğlu, Fatemeh Mostofi, Vedat Toğan & Hasan Basri Başağa

Authors
  1. Kemal Hacıefendioğlu
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  2. Fatemeh Mostofi
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  3. Vedat Toğan
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  4. Hasan Basri Başağa
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Correspondence to Kemal Hacıefendioğlu.

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Pixel-based IoU algorithm

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Hacıefendioğlu, K., Mostofi, F., Toğan, V. et al. CAM-K: a novel framework for automated estimating pixel area using K-Means algorithm integrated with deep learning based-CAM visualization techniques. Neural Comput & Applic 34, 17741–17759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07428-6

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