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A study on the placement of photovoltaic units in the North and South of Vietnam for energy loss reduction by using a proposed slime mould algorithm

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Abstract

In this paper, the impact of rated power and the total capacity of all photovoltaic units on the energy loss reduction of radial distribution networks is investigated. An IEEE 69-node system is supposed to be a radial distribution network in the North and South of Vietnam to take the real mean solar radiations of 1 year from the global solar map for simulation. Five study cases are implemented corresponding to the difference of rated power of five installed photovoltaic units, including optimal size and four fixed sizes of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kW. The proposed modified slime mould algorithm (MSMA) and three other algorithms including the original Coot optimization algorithm (COA), original Transient search optimization algorithm (TSOA) and original slime mould algorithm (SMA) are used to find optimal solutions of the five study cases. As a result, MSMA is the best method for reaching smaller 1-year energy loss and finding a higher number of more effective solutions than others. In addition, the study also suggests the placement of photovoltaic units should use optimal rated power for each unit and optimal total capacity for all units rather than using the same rated power for each unit and a predetermined total capacity for all units.

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Data availability

Data of the IEEE 69-node system are taken from [6]. Data of solar radiation in the North and South of Vietnam are taken from the solar global website [35, 36] and also reported in Fig. 6. Data of loads are taken from [26] and also reported in Fig. 7.

Abbreviations

\(\Delta A_{{1{\text{year}}}}\) :

One-year energy loss

\(N_{{{\text{line}}}}\) :

Number of contribution lines

\(I_{l,h,m}^{{}}\) :

Current (in Ampere) on the lth line at the hth hour in the mth month of the year

\(R_{l}\) :

Resistance (in Ω) of the lth line

\(N_{\text{day},m}\) :

Number of days in the mth month of the year

\( I_{l}^{\max }\) :

Maximum limit of the conductor of the lth line

\(V^{{{\text{Min}}}}\), \(V^{{{\text{Max}}}}\) :

The lowest and highest operating voltage of loads

\(N_{{{\text{node}}}}\) :

Node number in the considered distribution systems

\(V_{n,h,m}\) :

Voltage of loads (in pu) at the nth node at the hth hour in the mth month

\(P_{{\text{PV}}a,,h,m}\) :

Active power (in kW) generated by the ath PVU at the hth hour in the mth month

\(P_{{\text{slack}},h,m}\), \(Q_{{\text{slack}},h,m}\) :

Active power and reactive power (in kW and kVAr) generated by power source at slack node at the hth hour in the mth month

\(P_{{\text{Load}}n,h,m}\), \(Q_{{\text{Load}}n,h,m}\) :

Active and reactive power demand of load (in kW and kVAr) at the nth node at the hth hour in the mth month.

\(N_\text{PV}\) :

Number of added PVUs

\(X_{l}\) :

Reactance (in Ω) of the lth line

\(N_{{{\text{po}}}}\) :

Size of population

\(\text{FV}_{s}\) :

Fitness value of the sth being considered solution

\(G_{{{\text{Max}}}} , \) G :

Maximum and current iteration

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Acknowledgements

This work belongs to the project Grant Number T2023-33 funded by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Le Chi Kien

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Thuan Thanh Nguyen

  3. Power System Optimization Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Tan Minh Phan & Thang Trung Nguyen

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  1. Le Chi Kien
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Correspondence to Thang Trung Nguyen.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 1, 2.

Table 1 Optimal site and size of PVUs obtained by MSMA for Case 1
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Table 2 Optimal locations of five PVUs obtained by MSMA for Cases 2–5
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Kien, L.C., Nguyen, T.T., Phan, T.M. et al. A study on the placement of photovoltaic units in the North and South of Vietnam for energy loss reduction by using a proposed slime mould algorithm. Neural Comput & Applic 35, 23225–23247 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08982-3

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