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Preference detection of the humanoid robot face based on EEG and eye movement

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Abstract

The face of a humanoid robot can affect the user experience, and the detection of face preference is particularly important. Preference detection belongs to a branch of emotion recognition that has received much attention from researchers. Most of the previous preference detection studies have been conducted based on a single modality. In this paper, we detect face preferences of humanoid robots based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and eye movement signals for single modality, canonical correlation analysis fusion modality, and bimodal deep autoencoder (BDAE) fusion modality, respectively. We validated the theory of frontal asymmetry by analyzing the preference patterns of EEG and found that participants had higher alpha wave energy for preference faces. In addition, hidden preferences extracted by EEG signals were better classified than preferences from participants' subjective feedback, and also, the classification performance of eye movement data was improved. Finally, experimental results showed that BDAE multimodal fusion using frontal alpha and beta power spectral densities and eye movement information as features performed best, with the highest average accuracy of 83.13% for the SVM and 71.09% for the KNN.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to individual privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

Research supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, grant no. 2021YFC0122700; National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant no. 61904038; Ji Hua Laboratory, grant no.X190021TB193; Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, grant no. 2021SHZDZX0103.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Pengchao Wang, Wei Mu, Gege Zhan, Aiping Wang, Zuoting Song, Tao Fang, Xueze Zhang, Junkongshuai Wang, Lihua Zhang & Xiaoyang Kang

  2. Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China

    Lan Niu & Jianxiong Bin

  3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China

    Jie Jia

  4. Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China

    Xiaoyang Kang

  5. Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China

    Xiaoyang Kang

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  1. Pengchao Wang
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Correspondence to Xiaoyang Kang.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

The experiment was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jing’an District Central Hospital of Shanghai (Ethics reference number: 2020–2029).

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Wang, P., Mu, W., Zhan, G. et al. Preference detection of the humanoid robot face based on EEG and eye movement. Neural Comput & Applic 36, 11603–11621 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09765-0

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