Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

A relaxing bandwidth smoothing schedule for transmitting prerecorded VBR video in periodic network

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Multimedia Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Minimizing the number of bandwidth changes of individual stream and enabling the transmission schedule flexible can benefit increasing the number of concurrent multiplexed streams in periodic network without degrading quality of video. However, minimum change bandwidth allocation (MCBA) only provides a fixed transmission schedule for given video and client buffer although it achieves the minimum number of rate changes and the minimum peak rate. So the MCBA schedule cannot be adjusted when multiple streams are multiplexed over a limited bandwidth shared link. In this paper, we propose a relaxing transmission schedule that provides a range of rates for each interval and preserves the minimum number of rate changes without increasing any rate. As a result, the individual schedule can be adjusted by network service to try to satisfy bandwidth constraint when the total required bandwidth of multiplexed streams exceeds the available network capacity. First, we underline that the key of MCBA is to segment video with making each linear trajectory as long as possible. Then we use linear separability and support vector machine under the classification model to compute the longest interval and the required rate, respectively. Due to our proposed decoupled form between segmentation and rate computation, finally, we construct the relaxing schedule bounded by the original MCBA rate and the minimum rate. The simulation using real MPEG4 and H.264 video traces confirms the philosophy and evaluates the relaxing performance of our proposed algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhou, X.S., Liou, S.P.: Optimal nonlinear sampling for video streaming at low bit rates. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 12(6), 535–544 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Krunz, M., Hughes, H.: A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams. In: Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, Ottawa, pp. 47–55 (1995)

  3. Feng, W.C., Rexford, J.: Performance evaluation of smoothing algorithms for transmitting prerecorded variable-bit-rate video. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 1(3), 302–312 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, H., Knightly, E.W.: RED-VBR: a renegotiation-based approach to support delay-sensitive VBR video. Multimed. Syst. 5(3), 164–176 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang, Z.L., Kurose, J., Salehi, J.D., Towsley, D.: Smoothing, statistical multiplexing, and call admission control for stored video. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 15(6), 1148–1166 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Grossglauser, M., Keshav, S., Tse, D.N.C.: RCBR: a simple and efficient service for multiple time-scale traffic. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 5(6), 741–755 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Junbiao, Z., Hui, J.: Applying traffic smoothing techniques for quality of service control in VBR video transmissions. Comput. Commun. 21(4), 375–389 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Krunz, M., Zhao, W., Matta, I.: Scheduling and bandwidth allocation for the distribution of archived video in VoD systems. Telecommun. Syst. 9(3–4), 335–355 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hadar, O., Greenberg, S., Segal, M.: EPCRTT-based smoothing and multiplexing of VBR video traffic. Multimed. Tools Appl. 36(3), 1–17 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Feng, W., Jahanian, F., Sechrest, S.: An optimal bandwidth allocation strategy for the delivery of compressed prerecorded video. Multimed. Syst. 5(5), 297–309 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Salehi, J.D., Zhang, Z.L., Kurose, J., Towsley, D.: Supporting stored video: reducing rate variability and end-to-end resource requirements through optimal smoothing. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 6(4), 397–410 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang, L., Fu, H.: A novel scheme of transporting pre-stored MPEG video to support video-on-demand (VoD) services. Comput. Commun. 23(2), 133–148 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hadar, O., Cohen, R.: PCRTT enhancement for off-line video smoothing. Real-Time Imaging 7(3), 301–314 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Feng, W.: Rate-constrained bandwidth smoothing for the delivery of stored video. In: Proceedings of IST/SPIE Multimedia Networking and Computing, Washington, DC, pp. 58–66 (1997)

  15. Anastasiadis, S.V., Varman, P., Vitter, J.S., Yi, K.: Optimal lexicographic shaping of aggregate streaming data. IEEE Trans. Comput. 54(4), 398–408 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Stern, H.I., Hadar, O., Friedman, N.: Optimal video stream multiplexing through linear programming. Signal Process. Image Commun. 23(3), 224–238 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lai, H.L., Lee, J.Y.B., Chen, L.K.: A monotonic-decreasing rate scheduler for variable-bit-rate video streaming. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 15(2), 221–231 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gan, T., Ma, K.K., Zhang, L.: Dual-plan bandwidth smoothing for layer-encoded video. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 7(2), 379–392 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ng, J.K.Y.: A reserved bandwidth video smoothing algorithm for MPEG transmission. J. Syst. Softw. 48(3), 233–245 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tao, D., Cai, J., Yi, H., Rajan, D., Chia, L.T., Ngan, K.N.: Dynamic programming-based reverse frame selection for VBR video delivery under constrained resources. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 16(11), 1362–1375 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, Z., Xi, H., Wei, G., Chen, Q.: Generalized PCRTT off-line bandwidth smoothing based on SVM and systematic video segmentation. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 11(5), 998–1009 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee, M.J., Yoo, K.Y., Lee, D.J.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation for stored video under renegotiation frequency constraint. In: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing—PCM 2006, Berlin, vol. 4261, pp. 537–546 (2006)

  23. Wang, Z., Xi, H., Guo, W.: A fast algorithm of the optimal smoothing scheme for transmitting stored video. In: 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE 2009), Zhangjiajie, China, pp. 348–351 (2009)

  24. Cristianini, N., Shawe-Taylor, J.: An Introduction to Support Vector Machines. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  25. der Auwera, G.V., David, P.T., Reisslein, M.: Traffic and Quality Characterization of Single-Layer Video Streams Encoded with the H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding Standard and Scalable Video Coding Extension. Technical Report, Arizona State University (2007)

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank G. V. der Auwera, P. T. David and M. Reisslein for supplying the MPEG4 and H.264 video traces at http://trace.eas.asu.edu/h264/index.htm. In addition, we appreciate the reviewers for their provided valuable suggestions in revising the paper. This work was supported by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under grant no. 2008AA01A317 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 60774038.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Network Communication System and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, Anhui, China

    Zilei Wang & Hongsheng Xi

  2. Electronic Engineering and Information Science Department, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, Anhui, China

    Guo Wei

Authors
  1. Zilei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongsheng Xi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guo Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zilei Wang.

Additional information

Communicated by Cormac Sreenan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, Z., Xi, H. & Wei, G. A relaxing bandwidth smoothing schedule for transmitting prerecorded VBR video in periodic network. Multimedia Systems 16, 151–168 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-010-0181-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-010-0181-1

Keywords