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Hybrid additive multi-watermarking and decoding

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Abstract

Hybrid multi-watermarking uses different embedding rules to embed one or multiple watermarks into the same region of the cover imperceptibly and alternatively. It is considered as a potential way to implement the copyright protection of the cover and the trace of illegal distribution in multi-party content distribution. However, there are some open issues in creating a good hybrid multi-watermarking scheme, including the combination among multiple embedding rules and the combination among multiple watermarks. In this paper, we establish two novel hybrid multi-bit additive multi-watermarking models, and a novel hybrid multi-watermarking scheme based on the models, which embeds the multiple watermarks into DWT coefficients controlled by a secret key. Nextly, the hybrid multi-watermarking decoders, i.e., optimum and locally optimum, are deduced based on the minimum Bayesian risk criterion and the generalized Gaussian distribution. To evaluate the schemes’ performance, the average bit error rate is used to exactly analyze the performance of the optimum hybrid multi-watermarking decoders. Furthermore, the security of the proposed hybrid scheme is compared with that of the existing schemes. Finally, the robustness of the proposed hybrid scheme and the validity of the theoretical analysis is proved by the experimental results.

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61272421, 61103141, 61232016, 61173141), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No.12KJB520006) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Network Monitoring Engineering Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Jinwei Wang & Jin Wang

  2. France Telecom R&D Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Shiguo Lian

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  1. Jinwei Wang
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  2. Shiguo Lian
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  3. Jin Wang
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Correspondence to Jinwei Wang.

Additional information

Communicated by C. Xu.

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Wang, J., Lian, S. & Wang, J. Hybrid additive multi-watermarking and decoding. Multimedia Systems 21, 345–361 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-013-0338-9

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