Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fuzzy intelligence based V2V routing protocol in Internet of Vehicles: a cross-layer approach

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Internet of Vehicles (IoV), a vital component in intelligent transportation systems, supports diverse applications ranging from periodic safety message exchanges to on-demand multimedia streaming, gaming, and infotainment. Unicast routing is one of the primary techniques that support many such applications. Due to its highly dynamic nature and variable channel conditions, routing is extremely challenging in IoVs. Multiple contrasting metrics comprising cross-layer information need to be jointly examined to achieve an effective and reliable routing decision. In this paper, we propose a new unicast V2V routing protocol that consolidates and harmonizes the conflicting cross-layer and positional metrics such as distance, direction, link quality, link lifetime, available bandwidth, and queue information to select the most suitable next-hop nodes while forwarding packets. We combine these contrasting metrics using Fuzzy Logic to present a new intelligent routing protocol. Extensive simulation shows that our proposed protocol outperforms the standard existing routing techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay across diverse vehicular environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ji B, Zhang X, Mumtaz S, Han C, Li C, Wen H, Wang D (2020) Survey on the internet of vehicles: network architectures and applications. IEEE Commun Standards Mag 4(1):34–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.001.1900053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Katsaros K, Dianati M, Sun Z, Tafazolli R (2016) An evaluation of routing in vehicular networks using analytic hierarchy process. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 16(8):895–911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li G, Ma M, Liu C, Shu Y (2017) Adaptive fuzzy multiple attribute decision routing in vanets. Int J Commun Syst 30(4):3014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Harrabi S, Jaafar IB, Ghedira K (2023) Survey on IoV routing protocols. Wireless Pers Commun 128(2):791–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09976-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mehdi B, Moussaoui S, Mohamed G (2023) A geographic routing based on local traffic density and multi-hop intersections in vanets for intelligent traffic system in smart cities (grbltd-mi). Wireless Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03309-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Awang A, Husain K, Kamel N, Aïssa S (2017) Routing in vehicular ad-hoc networks: a survey on single- and cross-layer design techniques, and perspectives. IEEE Access 5:9497–9517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Raman L (1998) Osi systems and network management. IEEE Commun Mag 36(3):46–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/35.663327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Shanahan JG (2000) Fuzzy logic. Springer, Boston, pp 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4335-0_4

  9. Srivastava A, Prakash A, Tripathi R (2020) Location based routing protocols in vanet: issues and existing solutions. Veh Commun 23:100231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wu J, Fang M, Li H, Li X (2020) Rsu-assisted traffic-aware routing based on reinforcement learning for urban vanets. IEEE Access 8:5733–5748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gao H, Liu C, Li Y, Yang X (2020) V2vr: Reliable hybrid-network-oriented v2v data transmission and routing considering rsus and connectivity probability. IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst, pp 1–14

  12. Husnain G, Anwar S, Shahzad F (2023) An enhanced ai-enabled routing optimization algorithm for internet of vehicles (IoV). Wireless Pers Commun. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10394-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kumar R, Mishra YC, Chaurasiya VK (2023) Route planning using multicasting approach in vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Pers Commun 130(3):1795–1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10356-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sehrawat P, Chawla M (2023) Interpretation and investigations of topology based routing protocols applied in dynamic system of vanet. Wireless Pers Commun 128(3):2259–2285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10042-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Singh GD, Prateek M, Kumar S, Verma M, Singh D, Lee H-N (2022) Hybrid genetic firefly algorithm-based routing protocol for vanets. IEEE Access 10:9142–9151. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3142811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mershad K (2021) Surfer: a secure sdn-based routing protocol for internet of vehicles. IEEE Internet Things J 8(9):7407–7422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Abbas MASWMT (2020) SD-IoV: SDN enabled routing for internet of vehicles in road-aware approach. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11(3):1265–1280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Khalaj Monfared S, Shokrollahi S (2023) Darvan: a fully decentralized anonymous and reliable routing for vanets. Comput Netw 223:109561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rashid SA, Alhartomi M, Audah L, Hamdi MM (2022) Reliability-aware multi-objective optimization-based routing protocol for vanets using enhanced gaussian mutation harmony searching. IEEE Access 10:26613–26627. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3155632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tripathi KN, Yadav AM, Nagar S, Sharma SC (2023) Retrust: reliability and recommendation trust-based scheme for secure data sharing among internet of vehicles (IoV). Wirel Netw. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03336-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Daas MS, Chikhi S (2018) Optimizing geographic routing protocols for urban vanets using stigmergy, social behavior and adaptive c-n-f mechanisms: an optimized CLWPR. Veh Commun 14:97–108

    Google Scholar 

  22. Alzamzami O, Mahgoub I (2019) Fuzzy logic-based geographic routing for urban vehicular networks using link quality and achievable throughput estimations. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(6):2289–2300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Saleet H, Basir O, Langar R, Boutaba R (2010) Region-based location-service-management protocol for vanets. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(2):917–931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lopez PA, Behrisch M, Bieker-Walz L, Erdmann J, Flötteröd Y-P, Hilbrich R, Lücken L, Rummel J, Wagner P, Wießner E (2018) Microscopic traffic simulation using sumo. In: The 21st IEEE international conference on intelligent transportation systems. IEEE

  25. Network Simulator - NS-3. [online] Available: https://www.nsnam.org

Download references

Funding

NA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Moyukh Laha & Raja Datta

Authors
  1. Moyukh Laha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raja Datta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moyukh Laha.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Laha, M., Datta, R. Fuzzy intelligence based V2V routing protocol in Internet of Vehicles: a cross-layer approach. Computing 105, 2699–2723 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01203-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01203-8

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Search

Navigation