Abstract
In order to enable exascale computing, concepts for substantial energy savings are required. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is widely known to provide suitable energy saving potentials. However, the customarily utilized DVFS mechanism of the Linux kernel determines clock frequencies solely based on an idle time analysis. In contrast to this, we use an empirical approach based on preparatory measurements of the energy consumption at all available frequencies. From the resulting data we deduce energy-optimal frequencies, which are used in subsequent production runs. The described methodology can be deployed with routine granularity to account for varying code characteristics. For evaluation purposes, the approach is applied to the UG4 numerical simulation software. First results exhibit an average energy saving potential of approximately 10 % while increasing the runtime by about 19 %.
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Notes
We use the commonly utilized term “energy consumption” despite the fact that electrical energy is converted to thermal energy.
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Acknowledgments
This work has been funded via the ExaSolvers project by the German Research Foundation (DFG - GZ RE 1612/6-1) as part of the Priority Programme Software for Exascale Computing (SPPEXA). It has been further supported via the EXCESS project by funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 611183.
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Communicated by Rolf Krause.
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Dick, B., Vogel, A., Khabi, D. et al. Utilization of empirically determined energy-optimal CPU-frequencies in a numerical simulation code. Comput. Visual Sci. 17, 89–97 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00791-015-0251-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00791-015-0251-1