Abstract
A transformation-based Web site can keep the contents of a Web site consistent by furnishing a single database and a set of transformation programs, each generating a Web page from the database. However, when someone notices an error or stale content on a Web page in this style of Web site construction, the Web site maintainer must access a possibly huge database to update the corresponding content. In this paper, we propose a new approach to Web site construction based on bidirectional transformation, and report our design and implementation of a practical updating system called Vu-X. We bring the idea of bidirectional transformation to Web site construction, describing not only a forward transformation for generating Web pages from the database but also a backward transformation for reflecting modifications on the Web pages to the database. By use of the bidirectional transformation language Bi-X, we can obtain both transformations only by specifying a forward transformation. Our Vu-X system is implemented as a Web server built upon the Bi-X transformation engine, which can keep the content of Web sites consistent by updating Web pages in WYSIWYG style on Web browsers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adobe Dreamweaver CS4. http://www.adobe.com/products/dreamweaver/
Apache Tomcat. http://tomcat.apache.org/
Aptana Studio. http://www.aptana.com/studio/
Atzeni, P., Mecca, G., Merialdo, P.: To weave the Web. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp. 206–215 (1997)
Bancilhon F., Spyratos N.: Update semantics of relational views. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 6(4), 557–575 (1981)
Bertino E., Castano S., Ferrari E., Mesiti M.: Specifying and enforcing access control policies for XML document sources. World Wide Web J. 33, 139–151 (2000)
Bohannon, A., Foster, J.N., Pierce, B.C., Pilkiewicz, A., Schmitt, A.: Boomerang: resourceful lenses for string data. In: Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), pp. 407–419. ACM Press, New York (2008)
Damiani, E. De Capitani di Vimercati, S., Paraboschi, S., Samarati, P.: A fine-grained access control system for XML documents. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. 52, 169–202, ACM Press, New York (2002)
Dayal U., Bernstein P.A.: On the correct translation of update operations on relational views. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 7(3), 381–416 (1982)
Microsoft Expression Web. http://expression.microsoft.com/
Fernandez M.F., Florescu D., Kang J., Levy A.Y., Suciu D.: Overview of strudel—a Web-site management system. Netw. Inf. Syst. J. 1(1), 115–140 (1998)
Fernandez M.F., Florescu D., Levy A.Y., Suciu D.: Declarative specification of Web sites with Strudel. VLDB J. 9(1), 38–55 (2000)
Foster, J.N., Greenwald, M.B., Moore, J.T., Pierce, B.C., Schmitt, A.: Combinators for bi-directional tree transformations: a linguistic approach to the view update problem. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), pp. 233–246. ACM Press, New York (2005)
Gottlob G., Paolini P., Zicari R.: Properties and update semantics of consistent views. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 13(4), 486–524 (1988)
Hegner S.J.: Foundations of canonical update support for closed database views. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT), pp. 422–436. Springer, Berlin (1990)
Hu, Z., Mu, S.-C., Takeichi, M.: A programmable editor for developing structured documents based on bidirectional transformations. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program Manipulation (PEPM), pp. 178–189. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Lämmel, R.: Coupled software transformations (extended abstract). In: 1st International Workshop on Software Evolution Transformations, pp. 31–35 (2004)
Lau, T., Staczek, J.: A contextual inquiry-based critique of the strudel Web site maintenance system. Technical Report TR-99-01-01, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington (1999)
Lechtenbörger J., Vossen G.: On the computation of relational view complements. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 28(2), 175–208 (2003)
Liu, D., Hu, Z., Takeichi, M.:Bidirectional interpretation of XQuery. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program Manipulation (PEPM), pp. 21–30 (2007)
Meertens, L.: Designing constraint maintainers for user interaction. http://www.cwi.nl/~lambert/ (1998)
Murata, M., Tozawa, A., Kudo, M., Hada, S.: XML access control using static analysis. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), pp. 73–84 (2003)
Nakano, K., Hu, Z., Takeichi, M.: Consistent Web site updating based on bidirectional transformation In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE), pp. 45–54 (2008)
Namo Web Editor Control. http://www.namo.com/products/webeditorcontrol.php
Qi, N., Kudo, M., Myllymaki, J., Pirahesh, H.: A function-based access control model for XML databases. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), pp. 115–122 (2005)
XSL transformations (XSLT) version 2.0. http://www.w3c.org/TR/xslt20/, 2006
Yu, T., Srivastava, D., Lakshmanan, L.V.S., Jagadish, H.V.: Compressed accessibility map: efficient access control for XML. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp. 478–489 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakano, K., Hu, Z. & Takeichi, M. Consistent Web site updating based on bidirectional transformation. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 11, 453–468 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-009-0124-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-009-0124-3