Skip to main content
Log in

Aircraft landing gear system: approaches with Event-B to the modeling of an industrial system

  • ABZ 2014
  • Published:
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper describes the modeling, done using the Event-B notation, of the aircraft landing gear case study that was proposed in a special track of the ABZ’2014 Conference. In the course of our development, we discovered some problems in our initial modeling approach. This has led us to propose a second approach and then a third one. Each approach is more efficient than the previous one in terms of proof obligations (roughly speaking: 2000, 1000, 500). All this will be described in this paper. The methodology of proving reachability and deadlock freeness are discussed. Animation and simulation are used as complementary analysis to formal proofs. We also try to go beyond this specific case study and give some thoughts about large industrial modeling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rodin development for this Paper. http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/~khedri/?page_id=778

  2. Abrial, J.-R.: The B-Book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New York (1996)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrial, J.-R.: Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Abrial, J.-R., Butler, M.J., Hallerstede, S., Hoang, T.S., Mehta, Farhad, Voisin, Laurent: Rodin: an open toolset for modelling and reasoning in Event-B. STTT 12(6), 447–466 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Abrial, J.-R., Mussat, L.: Introducing dynamic constraints in B. In: Proceedings of B’98: Recent Advances in the Development and Use of the B Method, 2nd International B Conference, Montpellier, 22–24 April 1998, pp. 83–128 (1998)

  6. Abrial, J.-R., Su, W., Zhu, H.: Formalizing hybrid systems with Event-B. In: ABZ, pp. 178–193 (2012)

  7. Anim, B. http://www.animb.org

  8. Atelier, B.: http://www.atelierb.eu

  9. Barrett, C.W., de Moura, L., Stump, A.: Smt-comp: satisfiability modulo theories competition. In: Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 357, Edinburgh, Scotland, 6–10 July 2005

  10. Boniol, F., Wiels, V.: The Landing Gear System Case Study. In: ABZ Case Study. Communications in Computer Information Science, vol. 433. Springer (2014)

  11. Boström, P.: Creating sequential programs from Event-B models. In: Proceedings of, 8th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods, pp. 74–88. Nancy, 11–14 Oct 2010

  12. Bozzano, M., Bruttomesso, R., Cimatti, A., Junttila, T., Ranise, S., van Rossum, P., Sebastiani, R.: Efficient satisfiability modulo theories via delayed theory combination. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, pp. 335–349 (2005)

  13. Cansell, D., Méry, D., Rehm, J.: Time constraint patterns for Event-B development. In: Proceedings of B 2007: Formal Specification and Development in B, 7th International Conference of B Users, pp. 140–154. Besançon, 17–19 January 2007

  14. Peter, F., Vadim, E.: Modelica—a unified object-oriented language for system modelling and simulation. In Proceedings of ECOOP’98—Object-Oriented Programming, 12th European Conference, pp. 67–90. Brussels, 20-24 July 1998

  15. Fürst A., Hoang, T.S., Basin, D.A., Desai, K., Sato, N., Miyazaki, K.: Code generation for Event-B. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods, pp. 323–338. Bertinoro, 9–11 Sept 2014

  16. Hallerstede, S., Jastram, M., Ladenberger, L.: A method and tool for tracing requirements into specifications. Science of Computer Programming, p. 36 (2013)

  17. Hallerstede, S., Jastram, M., Ladenberger, L.: A method and tool for tracing requirements into specifications. Sci. Comput. Program. 82, 2–21 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hallerstede, S., Leuschel, M.: Constraint-based deadlock checking of high-level specifications. TPLP 11(4–5), 767–782 (2011)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Hoang, T.S., Abrial, J.-R.: Reasoning about liveness properties in Event-B. In: Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods on Formal Methods and Software Engineering, pp. 456–471. Durham, 26–28 Oct 2011

  20. Hoang, T.S., Fürst, A., Abrial, J.-R.: Event-B patterns and their tool support. Softw. Syst. Model. 12(2), 229–244 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kuruma, H., Basin, D.A., Abrial, J.-R.: Developing topology discovery in Event-B. Sci. Comput. Program. 74(11–12), 879–899 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Hudon, S., Hoang, T.S.: Development of control systems guided by models of their environment. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 280, 57–68 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Larman, C.: Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Leuschel, M., Butler, M.J.: ProB: an automated analysis toolset for the B method. STTT 10(2), 185–203 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: Adequate proof principles for invariance and liveness properties of concurrent programs. Sci. Comput. Program. 4(3), 257–289 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems Specification. Springer, New York (1992)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: Temporal Verification of Reactive Systems Safety. Springer, New York (1995)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. MathWorks. http://www.mathworks.com/

  29. Méry, D., Singh, N.K.: Automatic code generation from Event-B models. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi, pp. 179–188. 13–14 Oct 2011

  30. Otter, M., Malmheden, M., Elmqvist, H., Mattsson, S.E., Johnsson, C.: A new formalism for modeling of reactive and hybrid systems. In: 7th international Modelica Conference, pp. 364–377 (2009)

  31. Rodin. http://www.event-b.org/

  32. Said, M.Y., Butler, M.J., Snook, C.F.: Language and tool support for class and state machine refinement in UML-B. In: Proceedings of Formal Methods, Second World Congress, Eindhoven, pp. 579–595. 2–6 Nov 2009

  33. Sarshogh, M.R., Butler, M.J.: Specification and refinement of discrete timing properties in Event-B. ECEASST, vol. 46 (2011)

  34. Savicks, V., Butler, M., Colley, J.: Co-simulation environment for Rodin: landing gear case study. In: ABZ 2014: The Landing Gear Case Study, pp. 148–153 (2014)

  35. Wen, S., Abrial J.-R., Runlei, H., Huibiao, Z.: From requirements to development: Methodology and example. In: ICFEM, pp. 437–455 (2011)

  36. Su W., Abrial J.-R., Zhu H.: Complementary methodologies for developing hybrid systems with Event-B. In: ICFEM, pp. 230–248 (2012)

  37. Voisin, L., Abrial, J.-R.: The rodin platform has turned ten. In: Proceedings of Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z - 4th International Conference, ABZ 2014, pp. 1–8. Toulouse, 2–6 June 2014

  38. Yeganefard, S., Butler, M.J., Rezazadeh, A.: Evaluation of a guideline by formal modelling of cruise control system in Event-B. In: Proceedings of Second NASA Formal Methods Symposium—NFM 2010, pp. 182–191. Washington D.C., 13–15 April 2010

Download references

Acknowledgments

Wen Su was supported in part by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 15YF1403900), the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing (Grant No. 07dz22304201303) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61402176).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wen Su.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Su, W., Abrial, JR. Aircraft landing gear system: approaches with Event-B to the modeling of an industrial system. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 19, 141–166 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3

Keywords

Navigation