Abstract
In order to prove the Four-Color Theorem (FCT) without using a computer, some basic definitions and theorems which will be useful for proving the FCT are presented, and a bird’s-eye view of a brief proof is described and discussed. A complete proof will appear in the near future.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Guthrie F (1880) Note on the colouring of maps. Proc R Soc Edinburgh 10:727–728
Saaty T, Kainen P (1977) The four-color problem, Assaults and conquest. McGraw-Hill International, New York
Frisch R, Frisch G (1994) Der Vierfarbensatz. Bibliographisches Institut and F.A. Brockhaus, Mannheim
Wilson R (2002) Four colours suffice: how the map problem was solved. Penguin Books, London
Appel K, Haken W, Koch J (1977) Every planar map is fourcolorable. Part I. Discharging. Ill J Math 21:429–489
Appel K, Haken W (1977) Every planar map is four-colorable. Part II. Reducibility. Ill J Math 21:490–567
Robertson N, Sanders DP, Seymour PD, Thomas R (1996) A new proof of the four colour theorem. Electron Res Announc Am Math Soc 2:17–25 (electronic)
Thomas R (1998) An update on the four colour theorem. Notices Am Math Soc 45(7):848–859
Ohnishi K. A brief proof of the four-colour theorem. Part I. Basic definitions and theorems (in Japanese, with summary, figures, and legends in English). IPSJ Journal (Joho-Shori Gakkai Ronbun-shi) (Official Journal of the Information-Processing Society of Japan, Tokyo; http://www.bookpark.ne.jp/ipsj/mokuji.asp), to be submitted
Ohnishi K. A brief proof of the four-colour theorem. Part II. Final proof of the four-colour theorem (in Japanese, with summary, figures, and legends in English). IPSJ Journal (Joho-Shori Gakkai Ronbun-shi) (Official Journal of the Information-Processing Society of Japan, Tokyo; http://www.bookpark.ne.jp/ipsj/mokuji.asp), to be submitted
Ore O (1967) The four color problem. Academic Press, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was presented in part at the 14th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 5–7, 2009
About this article
Cite this article
Ohnishi, K. Towards a brief proof of the Four-Color Theorem without using a computer: theorems to be used for proving the Four-Color Theorem. Artif Life Robotics 14, 551–556 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-009-0745-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-009-0745-3