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Separable robust data hiding in encrypted image based on continuous quadrant tree and 2Bin N-nary

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Abstract

Data hiding is a noteworthy research topic in digital technology for years. It can be used for copyright protection, authentication, content-ownership verification, and sending patient information. Focusing on how to improve the security, capacity, visual quality and robustness, a separable robust data hiding in encrypted image based on Continuous Quadrant Tree (CQT) and 2Bin N-nary is proposed. In this work, the definition of CQT, constraints of the sub-tree roots, generation and traversal of CQT are proposed for the first time. To achieve security, matrix traversal, CQT and rotation encryption are combined. When select embedding interval, a histogram preprocessing algorithm based on pixel fluctuation is presented. This paper achieves separable decryption and extraction. Experimental results demonstrate that the capacity has been improved by 50–70% compared with the similar scheme. It not only achieves high security and high visual quality, but also is robust to various attacks.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. WQ2020014), the Key Research Project of Dalian academy of social sciences (Grant Nos. 2020dlsky042, 2021dlsky027) and Liaoning Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science (CN) (Grant No. L19BTQ001), the National Youth Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 61601214).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer and Information Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China

    Shi Hui, Hu Baoyue, Chen Meihan, Li Yanni & Ren Yonggong

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  1. Shi Hui
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  2. Hu Baoyue
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  3. Chen Meihan
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  4. Li Yanni
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  5. Ren Yonggong
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Correspondence to Shi Hui.

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Hui, S., Baoyue, H., Meihan, C. et al. Separable robust data hiding in encrypted image based on continuous quadrant tree and 2Bin N-nary. Pattern Anal Applic 26, 123–161 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-022-01096-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-022-01096-x

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