Abstract
Networked virtual environments using haptic interfaces can be used for surgical training and support both a simulation component and a communication component. We present such an environment for training in surgery of the temporal bone, which emphasises communication between an instructor and a student. We give an overview of the learning requirements for surgeons in this area and present the details of our implementation with a focus on the way communication is supported. We describe a training trial that was undertaken with a group of surgical trainees and carry out a qualitative analysis of transcripts from the teaching sessions. We conclude that the virtual environment supports a rich dialogue between the instructor and student, allowing them to ground their conversation in the shared model. Haptic interfaces are an important enabling technology for the simulation and communication and are used in conjunction with other modes and media to support situated learning.


Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Leigh J, Johnson A, Vasilakis C, DeFanti T (1996) Multi-pespective collaborative design in persistent networked virtual environments. In: Proceeding of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96), March 1996, pp 253–262
Gunn C, Hutchins M, Adcock M and Hawkins R (2003) Trans-World Haptic Collaboration. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 conference (Sketches and Applications), San Diego, July 2003
Gunn C, Hutchins M, Adcock M, Hawkins R (2004) Surgical training using haptics over long internet distances. In: Westwood JD, et al (eds) Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 2004. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 121–123
Kim J, Kim H, Muniyandi M, Srinivasan M, Jorden J, Mortensen J, Oliveira M, Slater M (2004) Transatlantic Touch: a Study of Haptic Collaboration over Long Distance. Presence: Teleoper Virtual Environ 13(3):328–337
Rasmussen M, Mason TP, Millman A, Evenhouse R, Sandin D (1998) The virtual temporal bone, a tele-immersive educational environment. Future Generation Computing Systems 14, Elsevier, pp 125–130
Wiet GJ, Bryan J, Dodson E, Sessnna D, Stredney D, Schmalbrock P, Welling B (2000) Virtual Temporal Bone Dissection Simulation. In: Westwood JD, et al (eds) Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 2000. IOS Press, pp 378–384
Stredney D, Wiet GJ, Bryan J, Sessanna D, Murakami J, Schmalbrock P, Powell K, Welling, B (2002) Temporal Bone Dissection Simulation—An Update. In: Procedings of MMVR 02/10, Long Beach, CA,USA January 2002
Agus M, Giachetti A, Gobbetti E, Zanetti G, Zorcolo A (2002) Real-time haptic and visual simulation of bone dissection. In: Procedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2002 (VR’02), March 2002
Petersik A, Pflesser B, Tiede U, Hohne KH (2002) Haptic Rendering of Volumetric Anatomic Models at Sub-voxel Resolution. In: Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (Haptics 2002), Orlando, FL, USA 2002
Seymour N, Gallagher A, Roman S, O’Brien M Bansai V, Andersen D, Satava R (2002) Virtual Reality Training Improves Operating Room Performance. Ann Surgery 236(4):458–464
Morris D, Sewell C, Blevins N, Barbagli F, Salisbury K (2004) A collaborative virtual environment for the simulation of temporal bone surgery, In: Procedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2004), Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3217, pp 319–327
Stevenson D, Smith K, McLaughlin J, Gunn C, Veldkamp JP, Dixon M (1999) Haptic workbench: a multisensory virtual environment. In Proc. SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 3639, pp 356–366
Schroeder W, Martin K, Lorensen B (1998) The Visualization Toolkit, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., NJ
Hutchins M, Adcock M, Stevenson D, Gunn C, Krumpholz A (2005) The design of perceptual representations for practical networked multimodal virtual training environments. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 2005), July 2005, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, CD-ROM
Hutchby I, Woofitt W (1998) Conversation Analysis. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK
Clark H, Brennan S (1991) Grounding in Communication. In: Resnick LJL, Teasley S (eds) Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition. APA Books, Washington, pp 127–149
Krumpholz A (2005) Building a virtual trainer for an immersive haptic virtual reality environment. In: Kaschek R (ed) Perspectives of Intelligent Systems’ Assistance, Technical Report TR 2005/2, Department of Information Systems, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the surgical trainees for their enthusiastic participation in the trial and surgical colleagues Drs Michael Tycocinski and Marcus Dahm, who assisted with the running of the trial. This work was substantially funded under the CeNTIE project. The CeNTIE project is supported by the Australian Government through the Advanced Networks Program of the Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. Support was also provided by the Department of Otolaryngology The University of Melbourne and Medtronic Xomed.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hutchins, M.A., Stevenson, D.R., Gunn, C. et al. Communication in a networked haptic virtual environment for temporal bone surgery training. Virtual Reality 9, 97–107 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-005-0015-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-005-0015-1