Skip to main content
Log in

Population growth and the development of a central place system

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Geographical Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper describes the spatial and functional evolution of a central place system as market conditions change with population growth. Utilizing a partial equilibrium optimization model, we examine the spatial response of two economic sectors to increases in market populations resulting from natural increase and migration. Response in both sectors is conditioned by threshold demand, with factor prices also affecting one of the sectors. As the central place system evolves it exhibits spatial and functional characteristics that are initially consistent with a Löschian landscape, then a Christallerian landscape at higher populations, while at even larger populations Krugman’s landscape emerges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ades A, Glaeser E (1999) Evidence on growth, increasing returns, and the extent of the market. Q J Econ 114:1025–1045. doi:10.1162/003355399556205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont JR (1987) Location-allocation models and central place theory. In: Ghosh A, Rushton G (eds) Spatial analysis and location allocation models. Van Nostrand Reinhold Publishers, New York, pp 21–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker G, Glaeser E, Murphy K (1999) Population and economic growth. Am Econ Rev 89:145–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman M (1995) Economic growth in a central place system. In: Giersch H (ed) Urban agglomeration and economic growth. Springer, Berlin, pp 107–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman M, McPherson A (1970) City size distribution in a central place hierarchy: an alternative approach. J Reg Sci 10:25–34. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1970.tb00032.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brakman S, Gartretsen H, van Marrewijk C (2001) An introduction to geographical economics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Christaller W (1933) Central places in Southern Germany. English translation by C. Baskin, 1966. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

  • Eaton B, Lipsey R (1981) An economic theory of central places. Econ J 92:56–72. doi:10.2307/2232256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Mori T (1996) The role of ports in the making of major cities: self-agglomeration and hub-effect. J Dev Econ 49:93–120. doi:10.1016/0304-3878(95)00054-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Krugman P, Venables A (1999) The spatial economy: cities, regions, and international trade. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodfriend M, McDermott J (1995) Early development. Am Econ Rev 85:116–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Green M, Cromley R, Semple K (1980) The bounded transportation problem. Econ Geogr 56:30–44. doi:10.2307/143026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker J, Garfinkel R, Chen C (1991) Finite dominating sets for network location problems. Oper Res 39:100–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson C, Nilsson R (2002) Agglomeration, economies of scale and dynamic specialization in a central place system. In: Johansson B, Karlsson C, Stough R (eds) Regional policies and comparative advantage. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 25–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly M (1997) The dynamics of Smithian growth. Q J Econ 112:939–964. doi:10.1162/003355397555398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krugman P (1993) First nature, second nature, and metropolitan location. J Reg Sci 33:129–144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1993.tb00217.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krugman P (1995) Development, geography, and economic theory. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Locay L (1990) Economic development and the division of production between households and markets. J Polit Econ 98:965–982. doi:10.1086/261715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lösch A (1954) The economics of location, translated from the second revised edition by WH Woglom with the assistance of WF Stolper. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas R (1988) On the mechanics of economic development. J Monet Econ 22:3–42. doi:10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marianov V, Serra D (2000) Hierarchical location-allocation models for congested systems. Univ Pompeu Fabra, Economics and Business Working Paper No. 425

  • McCann P (2005) Transport costs and new economic geography. J Econ Geogr 5:305–318. doi:10.1093/jnlecg/lbh050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLafferty S, Ghosh A (1987) Optimal location and allocation with multipurpose shopping. In: Ghosh A, Rushton G (eds) Spatial analysis and location allocation models. Van Nostrand Reinhold Publishers, New York, pp 55–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Myrdal G (1957) Economic theory and undeveloped regions. G. Duckworth, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Nourse H (1978) Equivalence of central place and economic base theories of urban growth. J Urban Econ 5:543–549. doi:10.1016/0094-1190(78)90010-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pred A (1966) The spatial dynamics of US urban industrial growth, 1800–1914. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Romer P (1986) Increasing returns and long run growth. J Polit Econ 94:1002–1037. doi:10.1086/261420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith A (1776) (1904 edition) An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Serra D, ReVelle C, Rosing K (1999) Surviving in a competitive spatial market: the threshold capture model. J Reg Sci 39:637–652. doi:10.1111/0022-4146.00153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solow R (1956) A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Q J Econ 70:65–94. doi:10.2307/1884513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stelder T (2005) Where do cities form? A geographical agglomeration model for Europe. J Reg Sci 45:657–679. doi:10.1111/j.0022-4146.2005.00388.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stigler G (1951) The division of labor is limited by the extent of the economy. J Polit Econ 59:185–193. doi:10.1086/257075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teitz M, Bart P (1968) Heuristic methods for estimating the generalized vertex median of a weighted graph. Oper Res 16:955–965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volckart O, Wolf N (2004) Estimating medieval market integration: evidence from exchange rates. Diskussionbeitrage Fachbereichs Wirtschaftwiswsenschaft Freien Univ Berl Nr 2004(21)

  • Weber A (1909) Theory of the location of industries, English translation by C Friedrich, 1929. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

  • White R (1974) Sketches of a dynamic central place theory. Econ Geogr 50:219–227. doi:10.2307/142860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson A (1971) A family of spatial interaction models, and associated developments. Environ Plan A 3:1–32. doi:10.1068/a030001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Borland J (1991) A microeconomic mechanism for economic growth. J Polit Econ 99:460–482. doi:10.1086/261762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasenovskiy V, Hodgson J (2007) Hierarchical location-allocation with spatial choice interaction modeling. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 97:496–511. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00560.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young A (1928) Increasing returns and economic progress. Econ J 38:527–542. doi:10.2307/2224097

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert G. Cromley.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cromley, R.G., Hanink, D.M. Population growth and the development of a central place system. J Geogr Syst 10, 383–405 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0071-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0071-7

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation