Abstract
Urbanization has caused increasingly severe heat island effect in cites, which also has worsened air quality in the urban areas due to a combination of factors. To reduce the impacts, several studies have proposed strategies based on different planning and design principles. Although some strategies were found to be useful for mitigating air pollution or urban heat island, the simultaneous effects were rarely discussed in the past studies. Therefore, this research tries to develop a framework that is able to evaluate the relative benefits of different mitigation methods on both urban heat island and air pollution, using a scenario-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling method. Six scenarios of different strategies were comprehensively evaluated and compared. It is found that pavement materials and rooftop greening showed more significant effects on reducing the heat island temperature and air pollutant concentration than that of changes in building volumes and water bodies in the study area. In addition, there are differences in mitigation effects on the two impacts, suggesting that careful comparative analysis should always be done before implementing the strategies. The proposed method could be very useful in the process of developing coping strategies for both heat island effect and air pollution in the urban areas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aboelata A, Sodoudi S (2019) Evaluating urban vegetation scenarios to mitigate urban heat island and reduce buildings’ energy in dense built-up areas in Cairo. Build Environ 166:106407
Blocken B, Janssen WD, van Hooff T (2012) CFD simulation for pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety in urban areas: general decision framework and case study for the Eindhoven University campus. Environ Model Softw 30:15–34
Brunekreef B, Holgate ST (2002) Air pollution and health. The Lancet 360(9341):1233–1242
Cheng L, Guan D, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Zhou J (2019) Urban cooling island effect of main river on a landscape scale in Chongqing, China. Sustain Cities Soc 47:101501
Coutts AM, Tapper NJ, Beringer J, Loughnan M, Demuzere M (2013) Watering our cities: the capacity for Water Sensitive Urban Design to support urban cooling and improve human thermal comfort in the Australian context. Prog Phys Geogr 37(1):2–28
ENVI-met. Knowledge base: model layout, ENVI_MET knowledgebase overview. http://www.envi-met.info/doku.php?id=kb:verticalgrid. Accessed 12 Mar 2019
Fallmann J, Forkel R, Emeis S (2016) Secondary effects of urban heat island mitigation measures on air quality. Atmos Environ 125:199–211
Gago EJ, Roldan J, Pacheco-Torres R, Ordóñez J (2013) The city and urban heat islands: a review of strategies to mitigate adverse effects. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 25:749–758
Haselbach L, Boyer M, Kevern JT, Schaefer VR (2011) Cyclic heat island impacts on traditional versus pervious concrete pavement systems. Transp Res Rec 2240(1):107–115
He BJ (2019) Towards the next generation of green building for urban heat island mitigation: Zero UHI impact building. Sustain Cities Soc 50:101647
Hewitt CN, Ashworth K, MacKenzie AR (2020) Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ). Ambio 49(1):62–73
Idso SB, Idso CD, Balling RC Jr (2002) Seasonal and diurnal variations of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration within a residential sector of the urban CO2 dome of Phoenix, AZ, USA. Atmos Environ 36(10):1655–1660
Imran HM, Kala J, Ng AWM, Muthukumaran S (2019) Effectiveness of vegetated patches as Green Infrastructure in mitigating Urban Heat Island effects during a heatwave event in the city of Melbourne. Weather Clim Extremes 25:100217
Kousis I, D’Amato R, Pisello AL, Latterini L (2023) Daytime radiative cooling: a perspective toward urban heat island mitigation. ACS Energy Lett 8:3239–3250
Lemonsu A, Masson V (2002) Simulation of a summer urban breeze over Paris. Bound-Layer Meteorol 104(3):463–490
Li H, Harvey JT, Holland TJ, Kayhanian M (2013) The use of reflective and permeable pavements as a potential practice for heat island mitigation and stormwater management. Environ Res Lett 8(1):015023
Li H, Sodoudi S, Liu J, Tao W (2020) Temporal variation of urban aerosol pollution island and its relationship with urban heat island. Atmos Res 241:104957
Lin P, Lau SSY, Qin H, Gou Z (2017) Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment. Landsc Urban Plan 168:48–60
Marando F, Salvatori E, Sebastiani A, Fusaro L, Manes F (2019) Regulating ecosystem services and green infrastructure: assessment of urban heat island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome, Italy. Ecol Model 392:92–102
Martilli A, Clappier A, Rotach MW (2002) An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models. Bound-Layer Meteorol 104(2):261–304
Moazzam MFU, Doh YH, Lee BG (2022) Impact of urbanization on land surface temperature and surface urban heat Island using optical remote sensing data: a case study of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Build Environ 222:109368
New Taipei City Government (2019) Urban design review principle. New Taipei City Government
Nowak DJ, Greenfield EJ, Hoehn RE, Lapoint E (2013) Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States. Environ Pollut 178:229–236
Oke TR (1982) The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Q J R Meteorol Soc 108(455):1–24
Perini K, Magliocco A (2014) Effects of vegetation, urban density, building height, and atmospheric conditions on local temperatures and thermal comfort. Urban for Urban Green 13(3):495–506
Pugh TA, MacKenzie AR, Whyatt JD, Hewitt CN (2012) Effectiveness of green infrastructure for improvement of air quality in urban street canyons. Environ Sci Technol 46(14):7692–7699
Razzaghmanesh M, Beecham S, Salemi T (2016) The role of green roofs in mitigating Urban Heat Island effects in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia. Urban for Urban Green 15:89–102
Sang J, Liu H, Liu H, Zhang Z (2000) Observational and numerical studies of wintertime urban boundary layer. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 87(2–3):243–258
Santamouris M (2013) Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island—a review of the actual developments. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 26:224–240
Steeneveld GJ, Koopmans S, Heusinkveld BG, Theeuwes NE (2014) Refreshing the role of open water surfaces on mitigating the maximum urban heat island effect. Landsc Urban Plan 121:92–96
Sun R, Chen L (2012) How can urban water bodies be designed for climate adaptation? Landsc Urban Plan 105(1–2):27–33
Tallis M, Taylor G, Sinnett D, Freer-Smith P (2011) Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London, under current and future environments. Landsc Urban Plan 103(2):129–138
Toparlar Y, Blocken B, Vos PV, Van Heijst GJF, Janssen WD, van Hooff T et al (2015) CFD simulation and validation of urban microclimate: a case study for Bergpolder Zuid, Rotterdam. Build Environ 83:79–90
Ukaogo PO, Ewuzie U, Onwuka CV (2020) Environmental pollution: causes, effects, and the remedies. In: Microorganisms for sustainable environment and health. Elsevier, pp 419–429
Willmott CJ (1982) Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull Am Meteor Soc 63(11):1309–1313
Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K (2012) A refined index of model performance. Int J Climatol 32(13):2088–2094
Yang X, Zhao L, Bruse M, Meng Q (2013) Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces. Build Environ 60:93–104
Yang Y, Zheng Z, Yim SY, Roth M, Ren G, Gao Z et al (2020) PM2.5 pollution modulates wintertime urban heat island intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis, China. Geophys Res Lett 47(1):e2019GL084288
Yang G, Ren G, Zhang P, Xue X, Tysa SK, Jia W et al (2021) PM2.5 influence on urban heat island (UHI) effect in Beijing and the possible mechanisms. J Geophys Res: Atmos 126(17):35227
Zango MS, Wah LY, Chyee DH, Dalandi A (2018) Validation of ENVI-met software using measured and predicted air temperatures in the Courtyard of Chinese Shophouse Malacca. J Appl Sci Environ Sustain 4(9):28–36
Funding
This research is funded by National Science Council, Taiwan (110-2410-H-305-067-MY2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ku, CA., Tsai, SS. Simulating the effects of planning strategies on urban heat island and air pollution mitigation in an urban renewal area. J Geogr Syst 26, 329–350 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-023-00436-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-023-00436-7