Abstract
This paper describes a set of studies that use audio–visual recording in an actual environment (surgery) to study the effectiveness of various patient safety interventions. Video is used in several different ways: as the intervention in one of the studies, and as a means to capture team behavior during surgeries for the other two studies. This paper summarises the logistical, legal, regulatory, technical, financial, social and methodological factors that must be considered and discusses solutions to many of these potential barriers. Although audio–visual recording has a long history in human factors research, only now are the technical, financial and logistic barriers less of a concern, as all data can now be stored and analysed electronically, making many previously cumbersome factors less so through the use of technology. Perhaps the most challenging areas that require more research are the methodological difficulties encountered when observing teams in an uncontrolled environment.
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Microphones are attached to the surgeons after they have scrubbed. We put the microphone receiver in the subject’s back pocket, attach the microphone to the shirt just over the shoulder, and tape the microphone wire to the shirt on the back using surgical tape. Surgeons and the scrub nurse then put their gown on over this, whereas the rest of the staff are not required to be scrubbed and gowned.
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Acknowledgements
R. Scott Jones M.D. provided invaluable support for getting this work started. The RATE software was developed by Thomas Shin, a graduate student in the Department of Systems and Information Engineering at the University of Virginia. Special thanks to Hui Guo, graduate student in Systems and Information Engineering, for his contributions to the technical process and to Viktor Bovbjerg, assistant professor in Health Evaluation Sciences, for his critical insights into study designs and data analysis. Systems Engineering undergraduates K. Brook Green, Maranda Luniewski, Todd Mersch, Brian Mitchell and G. Reed Poole conducted the perceptual training module study as a senior design project, with technical guidance from Edward G. Chekan. We also acknowledge and thank the Dynamics Research Corporation for sharing their video training tapes and the United States Air Force for sharing their Medical Team Management program. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0092985 (SG), the National Patient Safety Foundation (RA, JFC and SG), and Karl Storz Endoscopy of America (RA and JFC). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the National Patient Safety Foundation, or Karl Storz Endoscopy of America.
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Guerlain, S., Turrentine, B., Adams, R. et al. Using video data for the analysis and training of medical personnel. Cogn Tech Work 6, 131–138 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-004-0154-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-004-0154-2