Skip to main content
Log in

Inference in the SOOKAT object-oriented knowledge acquisition tool

  • Published:
Knowledge and Information Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The SOOKAT (structured object-oriented knowledge acquisition tool) knowledge acquisition (KA) tool, supporting the SeSKA (seamless structured knowledge acquisition) methodology, integrates phases of KA through seamless transformations between object-oriented (OO) models.

The integration of constructing a knowledge base (KB) can be extended beyond the KA process by performing inferences in instantiations of models constructed during the KA process.

The models, constructed during the KA process, form a framework for performing inferences in instantiations of the models.

Inferences performed in instantiations of OO models are guided by control objects (CO). Messages are sent between COs and components of the inference structure. A specific CO, possibly using subordinate COs, can be specified for each inference strategy.

There exists a mutual CO for forward and backward chaining that can also be used when reasoning according to protocols. In addition, COs for problem-solving methods (PSMs), such as cover-and-differentiate or propose-and-revise, can be used.

Mechanisms for importing PSMs over the Internet, as well as for generating specific COs for PSMs, are under development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Benjamins R, Wielinga B, Wielemaker J, Fensel D (1999) Towards brokering problem-solving knowledge on the internet. In: Fensel D, Studer R (eds) Proceedings of EKAW99, 11th European workshop on knowledge acquisition, modeling and management, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, 26–29 May 1999. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 33–48

  2. Bylander T, Chandrasekaran B (1987) Tasks for knowledge-based reasoning: the “right” level of abstraction for knowledge acquisition. Int J Man-Mach Stud 26:231–243, also pp 65–77 in Gaines and Boose (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ericsson K, Simon H (1984) Protocol analysis. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

  4. Eshelman L (1988) MOLE: a knowledge-acquisition tool for cover-and-differentiate systems. In: Marcus (1988a), pp 37–80

  5. Fensel D, Benjamins V, Decker S, Gaspari M, Groenboom R, Grosso W, Musen M, Motta E, Plaza E, Schreiber AT, Studer R, Wielinga B (1999) The component model of UPML in a nutshell. In: Proceedings of the first working IFIP connference on software architecture (WICSA1), San Antonio, Texas, USA

  6. Fensel D, Motta E (2003) The unified problem-solving method development language (UPML). Knowl Inf Syst (KAIS) 5(1):83–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fensel D, van Harmelen F, Decker S, Erdmann M, Klein M (2000) OIL in a nutshell. In: Dieng R, Corby O (eds) Knowledge engineering and knowledge management. Methods, models and tools, 12th international conference, EKAW 2000, Juan-les-Pins, France, 2–6 October 2000

  8. Fridman Noy N, Ferguson RW, Musen MA (2000) The knowledge model of Protégé-2000: combining interoperabilithy and flexibity. In: Dieng R, Corby O (eds) Knowledge engineering and knowledge management. Methods, models and tools, 12th international conference, EKAW 2000, Juan-les-Pins, France, 2–6 October 2000. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  9. Gaines B, Boose J (1988) Knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems, vol 1. Academic Press, London

  10. Grosso W, Eriksson H, Feergerson RW, Gennari JH, Tu SW, Musen MA (1999) Knowledge modelling at the millenium. The design and evolution of Protégé-2000. In: 12th Banff workshop on knowledge acquisition, modelling and management, Banff, AB

  11. Hesketh P, Barrett T (1989) An introduction to KADS methodology. STC Attributenology Ltd, Esprit Project P1098 report M1

  12. Jacobson I, Christerson M, Jonsson P, Övergaard G (1992) Object-oriented software engineering, a use case driven approach. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA

  13. Kiczales G, des Riviers J, Bobrow D (1991) The art of metaobject protocol. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

  14. Leo P, Sleeman D, Tsinakos A (1994) S-SALT, a problem solver plus; knowledge acquisition tool which additionally can refine its knowledge base. In: Proceedings of EKAW-94, the 8th European knowledge acquisition workshop, Hoegaarden, Belgium, Artificial intelligence laboratory of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, http://arti.vub.ac.be/ekaw/welcome.html

  15. Lukose D (1995) Using executable conceptual structures for modelling expertise. In: Paper 8 in 9th Banff knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems workshop. Banff, AB, 26 February–3 March 1995

  16. Marcus S (ed) (1988a) Automating knowledge acquisition for expert systems. Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston

  17. Marcus S (1988b) Salt: a knowledge-acquisition tool for propose-and-revise systems. In: Marcus (1988a), pp 81–123

  18. Motta E, Rajan T, Eisenstadt M (1988) A methodology and tool for knowledge acquisition in keats-2. In: 3rd AAAI-sponsored knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems workshop, Banff, AB, 6–11 November 1988, pp 21/1–20

  19. Noy N, Klein M (2004) Ontology evolution: not the same as schema evolution. Knowl Inf Syst (KAIS) 6(4):428–440

    Google Scholar 

  20. O’Hara K, Shadbolt N (1993) Locating generic tasks. Knowl Acquis 5(5):449–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Parpola P (1998) Seamless development of structured knowledge bases. In: Gaines B, Musen M (eds) Proceedings of KAW98, Eleventh workshop on knowledge acquisition, modeling and management. Banff, AB, 18–23 April 1998, University of Calgary, http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/KAW/KAW98/parpola/

  22. Parpola P (1999a) Applying SeSKA to Sisyphus III. In: Fensel D, Studer R (eds) Knowledge acquisition, modeling and management. Proceedings of 11th European workshop, EKAW ’99, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, 26–29 May 1999, number 1621 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelbeg New York

  23. Parpola P (1999b) Development and inference in integrated OO models. In: CIMCA’99—The international conference on computational intelligence for modelling, control and automation, Vienna, Austria, 17–19 February 1999, IOS Press

  24. Parpola P (2000) Managing terminology using statistical analysis, ontologies and a graphical KA tool. In: Aussenac-Gilles N, Biebow B, Szulman S (eds) Proceedings of the international workshop on ontologies and texts during EKAW2000, 12th European workshop on knowledge engineering and knowledge management, Juan-les-Pins, French Riviera, 2–6 October 2000. French group of interest TIA

  25. Parpola P (2001) Integration of development, maintenance and use of knowledge bases. In: Proceedings of the workshop on knowledge management and organizational memory during IJCAI’01, International joint conference on artificial intelligence, Seattle, WA, 4–10 August 2001. IJCAI consortium

  26. Parpola P (2002) Integration of development, maintenance and use of knowledge bases (revised version). In: Dieng R, Matta N (eds) Knowledge management and organizational memory. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 41–50

  27. Schreiber A, Akkermans JM, Anjewierden AA, de Hoog R, Shadbolt NR, Van de Velde W, Wielinga B (1999) Knowledge engineering and management: the CommonKADS methodology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  28. Schreiber G, Crubézy M, Musen M (2000) A case-study in using Protégé-2000 as a tool for CommonKADS. In: Dieng R, Corby O (eds) EKAW2000, 12th European workshop on knowledge engineering and knowledge management, Juan-les-Pins, French Riviera, 2–6 October 2000. Springer

  29. Shadbolt N, Crow L, Tennison J, Cupit J (1996) Sisyphus iii phase 1 release. http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/research/ai/sisyphus/SisIII-page.html

  30. Sowa J (1984) Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA

    Google Scholar 

  31. Steele GL (1990) Common lisp, the language, second edition. Digital Press

  32. Wetter T (1990) First-order logic foundations of the KADS conceptual model. In: Wielinga B et al (eds) Current trends in knowledge acquisition

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Päivikki Parpola.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Parpola, P. Inference in the SOOKAT object-oriented knowledge acquisition tool. Knowl Inf Syst 8, 310–329 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-004-0181-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-004-0181-6

Keywords

Navigation