Abstract
During the last decade, Web site accessibility and usability have become increasingly important. Consequently, many tools have been developed for automatic or semi-automatic evaluation of Web site accessibility. Unfortunately, most of them have not been updated over time to keep up with the evolution of accessibility standards and guidelines, thus soon becoming obsolete. Furthermore, the increasing importance of CSS in the definition of modern Web page layout, and the increasing use of scripting technologies in dynamic and interactive Web sites, has led to new challenges in automatic accessibility evaluation that few of the existing tools are able to face. This paper describes MAUVE, a software environment for Web site accessibility and usability evaluation. The tool is characterized by the possibility to specify and update the guidelines that should be validated without requiring changes in the tool implementation. It is based on an XML-based language for Web Guidelines Definition. It allows checking both HTML and CSS to detect accessibility issues and is able to validate dynamic sites as well, based on the use of a set of plugins for the most popular browsers.





Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/Overview.html (accessed on 2 October 2014).
References
European Union: eEurope 2002 Action Plan. http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/l24226a_en.htm
Bundesministerium der Justiz: Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung (DE). http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bitv_2_0/BJNR184300011.html
Centro Nazionale per l’Informatica nella Pubblica Amministrazione: Stanca Act. http://www.pubbliaccesso.gov.it/normative/law_20040109_n4.htm
Boletín Oficial del Estado: Reglamento sobre las condiciones básicas para el acceso de las personas con discapacidad a las tecnologías, productos y servicios relacionados con la sociedad de la información y medios de comunicación social (ES). http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007-19968
Ministère du Budget, des comptes publics et de la fonction publique: Référentiel Général d’Accessibilité pour les Administrations (FR). http://references.modernisation.gouv.fr/rgaa-accessibilite
United Nations: Factsheet on Persons with Disabilities. http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=18
U.S. Census Bureau: Americans with Disabilities: 2010. http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf
Communication department of the European Commission: European Day for People with Disabilities. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-1296_en.htm
W3C: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/
W3C: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/
International Organization for Standardization: ISO/IEC 40500:2012. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=58625
Gay, G., Li, CQ.: AChecker: Open, Interactive, Customizable, Web Accessibility Checking. In: International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility—W4A 2010, pp. 1–2 (2010)
Test Accesibilidad Web. http://www.tawdis.net/
Fernandes, N., Kaklanis, N., Votis, K., Tzovaras, D., Carriço1, L.: An Analysis of Personalized Web Accessibility. In: Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference, Article No. 19, ACM, New York, NY, USA (2014)
Beirekdar, A., Vanderdonckt, J., Noirhomme-Fraiture: A Framework and a Language for Usability Automatic Evaluation of Web Sites by Static Analysis of HTML Source Code. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces, pp. 337–348 (2002)
Beirekdar, A., Vanderdonckt, J., Noirhomme-Fraiture, M.: Kwaresmi—knowledge-based Web automated evaluation with REconfigurable guidelineS optimization. In: Forbrig, P., Limbourg, Q., Urban, B., Vanderdonckt, J. (eds.) DSV-IS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2545, pp. 362–376. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Takata, Y., Nakamura, T., Seki, H.: Accessibility Verification of WWW Documents by an Automatic Guideline Verification Tool. In: Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2004)
Arrue, M., Vigo, M., Abascal, J.: Including Heterogeneous Web Accessibility Guidelines in the Development Process, Engineering Interactive Systems 2008, LNCS, vol. 4940, pp. 620–637. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Aizpurua, A., Arrue, M., Vigo, M., Abascal, J.: Exploring Automatic CSS Accessibility Evaluation. In: Proceedings of 9th International Conference, ICWE 2009, pp. 16–29 (2009)
Leporini, B., Paternò, F., Scorcia, A.: Flexible tool support for accessibility evaluation. Interact. Comput. 18(5), 869–890 (2006)
Brown, A., Jay, C., Chen, A.Q., Harper, S.: The uptake of Web 2.0 technologies, and its impact on visually disabled users. J. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 11, 185–199 (2012)
Fuertes, J.L., González, R., Gutiérrez, E., Martínez, L.: Hera-FFX: a Firefox add-on for semi-automatic web accessibility evaluation. In: W4A ‘09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A) pp. 26–35 (2009)
Chen, A.Q., Harper, S., Lunn, D., Brown, A.: Widget identification: a high-level approach to accessibility. World Wide Web 16, 73–89 (2013)
Fernandes, N., Costa, D., Neves, S., Duarte, C., Carriço, L.: Evaluating the accessibility of rich internet applications, W4A ‘12 Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (2012)
WAVE. http://wave.webaim.org/
Unicorn-W3C’s Unified Validator. http://validator.w3.org/unicorn/
Jsoup: Java HTML Parser. http://jsoup.org/
The Validator.nu HTML Parser. http://about.validator.nu/htmlparser/
jStyleParser Css Parser. http://cssbox.sourceforge.net/jstyleparser/index.php
Leporini, B., Paternò, F.: Applying web usability criteria for vision-impaired users: does it really improve task performance? Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 24(1), 17–47 (2008)
The Transparent Language Popularity Index. http://lang-index.sourceforge.net/
Richards G., Lebresne S., Burg B., Vitek J.: An Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of JavaScript Programs. In: PLDI ‘10 Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, ACM, pp. 1–12 (2010)
TotalValidator. http://www.totalvalidator.com/
Leitner, M., Strauss, C.: Organizational Motivations for Web Accessibility Implementation—A Case Study. Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6179, pp. 392–399 (2010)
Reis A., Barroso J., Gonçalves R.: Supporting Accessibility in Higher Education Information Systems. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services for Quality of Life, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8011, pp. 250–255 (2013)
Brajnik, G.: Comparing accessibility evaluation tools: a method for tool effectiveness. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 3(3–4), 252–263 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schiavone, A.G., Paternò, F. An extensible environment for guideline-based accessibility evaluation of dynamic Web applications. Univ Access Inf Soc 14, 111–132 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0399-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0399-3