Movement dynamics reflect a functional role for weak coupling and role structure in dyadic problem solving

Abstract

Successful interaction requires complex coordination of body movements. Previous research has suggested a functional role for coordination and especially synchronization (i.e., time-locked movement across individuals) in different types of human interaction contexts. Although such coordination has been shown to be nearly ubiquitous in human interaction, less is known about its function. One proposal is that synchrony supports and facilitates communication (Topics Cogn Sci 1:305–319, 2009). However, questions still remain about what the properties of coordination for optimizing communication might look like. In the present study, dyads worked together to construct towers from uncooked spaghetti and marshmallows. Using cross-recurrence quantification analysis, we found that dyads with loosely coupled gross body movements performed better, supporting recent work suggesting that simple synchrony may not be the key to effective performance (Riley et al. 2011). We also found evidence that leader–follower dynamics—when sensitive to the specific role structure of the interaction—impact task performance. We discuss our results with respect to the functional role of coordination in human interaction.

Appendix

For the height measure of performance, a linear regression analysis suggested that recurrence (MAX REC; β = −.34, p = .10), MAX REC LAG (β = −.05, p = .81), nor the interaction (β = .09, p = .66) predicted performance. For the height measure of performance, a linear mixed-effects model predicting performance (using gender composition, perception of role distribution, and perception of role division as random intercepts) suggested that performance decreased with higher MAX REC (β = −.39, p = .05). No other main effects or interactions were significant (ps > .05).