Abstract
Multi-agent software architectures have gained in popularity due to their beneficial behavior in designing and implementing sophisticated applications. However, current approaches in implementing such architectures have led to application-specific, non-scalable implementations which limit the reusablity and improvement of the whole architecture. Moreover, these attempts lack features to enhance the user experience, thus slowing the adoption of the resulting services. In this paper we describe a fully-fledged multi-agent architecture covering a large variety of preferred features including capabilities of ‘plugging’ ubiquitous services, servicing mobile users, interconnecting remote similar architectures and interfacing with advanced software components such as knowledge bases. This framework exploits a wide-range of context-aware components making it essentially context-aware, allowing for the development of ubiquitous context-aware human-centric services, which are the focus of our research. To illustrate the flexibility of this architectural framework, we present four services which were built using this architectural paradigm by different development teams and elaborate on their overall behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Altmann, J., Gruber, F., Klug, L., Stockner, W., & Weippl, E. (2001). Using mobile agents in real world: A survey and evaluation of agent platforms. In 2nd international workshop on infrastructure for agents, MAS, and scalable MAS at the 5th international conference on autonomous agents (pp. 33–39). New York: ACM Press.
Azodolmolky, S., Dimakis, N., Mylonakis, V., Souretis, G., Soldatos, J., Pnevmatikakis, A., et al. (2005). Middleware for in-door ambient intelligence: The PolyOmaton system. In 4th IFIP TC-6 networking conference, 2nd next generation networking middleware workshop (NGNM) (pp. 33–39). Waterloo, Canada.
Benne K., Sheats P. (1948) Functional roles of group members. Journal of Social Issues 4: 41–49
Bordini R. H., Hübner, J. F., & Vieira, R. (2005). Jason and the golden fleece of agent-oriented programming. In Multi-agent programming (pp. 3–37). US: Springer. doi:10.1007/0-387-26350-0_1.
CHIL: Computers in the Human Interaction Loop. At http://chil.server.de. FP6 IST-IP506909.
Coen M., Phillips B., Warshawsky N., Weisman L., Peters S., & Finin P. (1999). Meeting the computational needs of intelligent environments: The metaglue system. In 1st international workshop on managing interactions in smart environments (pp. 201–212).
Cohen P.R., Cheyer A.J., Wang M., Baeg S.C. (1994) An open agent architecture. In: Etzioni O. (eds) Proceedings of the AAAI spring symposium series on software agents. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Stanford, CA, pp 1–8
Crowley J. L. (2003) Context driven observation of human activity. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2875: 101–118
Danninger, M., Flaherty, G., Bernardin, K., Ekenel, H. K., Köhler, T., Malkin, R., et al. (2005). The connector: Facilitating context-aware communication. In ICMI ’05: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on multimodal interfaces (pp. 69–75). New York, NY: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1088463.1088478.
Dastani M. (2008) 2APL: A practical agent programming language. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 16(3): 214–248. doi:10.1007/s10458-008-9036-y
Dertouzos M. (1999) The future of computing. Scientific American 281(2): 52–63
Dey A., Salber D., Abowd G. (2001) A conceptual framework and a toolkit for supporting the rapid prototyping of context-aware applications. Human Computer Interaction 16: 97–166
Dey A. K. (2001) Understanding and using context. Personal Ubiquitous Compututing Journal 5(1): 4–7. doi:10.1007/s007790170019
Dimakis, N., Mylonakis, V., Soldatos, J., & Polymenakos, L. (2006). Reaching outside the smart space: The memory jog gateway. In 15th international conference in computing (CIC’06) (pp. 412–420). Mexico City: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/CIC.2006.57.
Dimakis, N., Soldatos, J., Polymenakos, L., Schenk, M., Pfirrmann, U., & Bürkle, A. (2006). Perceptive middleware and intelligent agents enhancing service autonomy in smart spaces. In IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on web intelligence and intelligent agent technology (pp. 276–283). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/IAT.2006.98.
Dimakis N., Soldatos J.K., Polymenakos L., Fleury P., Cuřín J., Kleindienst J. (2008) Integrated development of context-aware applications in smart spaces. IEEE Pervasive Computing 7(4): 71–79. doi:10.1109/MPRV.2008.75
Faci N., Guessoum Z., & Marin O. (2006). Dimax: A fault-tolerant multi-agent platform. In SELMAS ’06: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on software engineering for large-scale multi-agent systems (pp. 13–20). New York, NY: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1138063.1138067.
FIPA. The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents. At http://www.fipa.org.
Garlan D., Siewiorek D., Smailagic A., Steenkiste P. (2002) Project aura: Towards distraction-free pervasive computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing 21(2): 22–31
Hansmann U., Merk L., Nicklous M. S., Stober T. (2003) Pervasive computing: The mobile world (Springer professional computing). Springer, New York
Helsinger, A., Thome, M., & Wright, T. (2004). Cougaar: A scalable, distributed multi-agent architecture. In IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics (pp. 1910–1917).
Hibernate. Relational persistence for java. At http://www.hibernate.org.
Horling B., Lesser V., Vincent R., Wagner T. (2006) The soft real-time agent control architecture. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 12(1): 35–92
iBATIS. IBATIS Data Mapping Framework. At http://ibatis.apache.org/.
Islam N., Fayad M. (2003) Toward ubiquitous acceptance of ubiquitous computing. Communications of the ACM 46(2): 89–92. doi:10.1145/606272.606302
JADE. Java Agent Development Environment. At http://jade.tilab.com.
Jadex. BDI Agent System. At http://vsis-www.inormatik.unihamburg.de/projects/jadex.
Jason. Jason: A Java-based interpreter for an extended version of agent speak. At http://jason.sourceforge.net/.
Kleindienst, J., Curin, J., & Fleury, P. (2007). Reference architecture for multi-modal perceptual systems: Tooling for application development. In Intelligent environments, 2007. IE 07. 3rd IET international conference on (pp. 361–368). doi:10.1049/cp:20070393.
Kumar, S., Cohen, P., & Levesque, H. J. (2000). The adaptive agent architecture: Achieving fault-tolerance using persistent broker teams. In 4th international conference on multi-agent systems (ICMAS 2000) (pp. 159–166).
Kumar, S., & Cohen, P. R. (2000). Towards a fault-tolerant multi-agent system architecture. In AGENTS ’00: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on autonomous agents (pp. 459–466). New York, NY: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/336595.337570.
Martin D., Cheyer A., Moran D. (1999) The open agent architecture: A framework for building distributed software systems. Applied Artificial Intelligence 13(12): 91–128. doi:10.1080/088395199117504
Minar N., Gray M., Roup O., Raffi K., Maes P. (2004) Hive: Distributed agents for networking things. IEEE Concurrency 8: 24–33
Olszewski, D., & Linhard, K. (2006). Highly directional multi-beam audio loudspeaker. In Interspeech 2006
Olszewski, D., Prasetyo, F., & Linhard, K. (2005). Steerable highly directional audio beam loudspeaker. In Interspeech 2005 (pp. 137–140).
OWL. Web ontology language (owl). At http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL
Pandis, I., Soldatos, J., Paar, A., Reuter, J., Carras, M., & Polymenakos, L. (2005). An ontology-based framework for dynamic resource management in ubiquitous computing environments. In 2nd international conference on embedded software and systems (pp. 195–203). doi:10.1109/ICESS.2005.29.
Pianesi, F., & Terken, J. (2009). Computers in the human interaction Loop, chap. User-centered design of CHIL services: Introduction (pp. 179–186). Human-computer interaction series. London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-054-8_16.
Pianesi, F., Zancanaro, M., Falcon, V., & Not, E. (2006). Towards supporting group dynamics. In Proceedings of the artificial intelligence applications and innovations (AIAI2006) (pp. 302–311).
Pokahr A., Braubach L., Lamersdorf W. (2005) Jadex: A BDI reasoning engine. In: Bordini J. D. R., Dastani M., Seghrouchni A. E. F. (eds) Multi-agent programming. Springer Science+Business Media Inc., USA, pp 149–174
Pynadath, D., Tambe, M., Arens, Y., Chalupsky, H., Gil, Y., Knoblock, C., et al. (2000). Electric elves: Immersing an agent organization in a human organization. In Proceedings of the AAAI fall symposium on socially intelligent agents—The human in the Loop. Menlo Park, CA: The AAAI Press.
Rao, A.S. (1996). AgentSpeak(L): BDI agents speak out in a logical computable language. In R. van Hoe (Ed.), Seventh European workshop on modelling autonomous agents in a multi-agent world, Lecture notes in artificial intelligence (Vol. 1038, pp. 42–55). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Saif, U., Pham, H., Paluska, J. M., Waterman, J., Terman, C., & Ward, S. (2003). A case for goal-oriented programming semantics. In 5th annual conference on ubiquitous computing (UbiComp ’03) (pp. 74–83).
Scerri, P., Pynadath, D., & Tambe, M. (2001). Adjustable autonomy in real-world multi-agent environments. In AGENTS ’01: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on autonomous agents (pp. 300–307). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/375735.376314.
Shi Y., Xie W., Xu G., Shi R., Chen E., Mao Y. et al (2003) The smart classroom: Merging technologies for seamless tele-education. IEEE Pervasive Computing 2(2): 47–55. doi:10.1109/MPRV.2003.1203753
Šišlák D., Rehák M., Pěchouček M., Rollo M., Pavlíček D. (2005) A-globe: Agent development platform with inaccessibility and mobility support. In: Unland R., Klusch M., Calisti M. (eds) Software agent-based applications, platforms and development kits. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 21–46
Soldatos J., Dimakis N., Stamatis K., Polymenakos L. (2007) A breadboard architecture for pervasive context-aware services in smart spaces: Middleware components and prototype applications. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing Journal 11(2): 193–212. doi:10.1007/s00779-006-0102-7
Soldatos J., Pandis I., Stamatis K., Polymenakos L., Crowley J. L. (2007) Agent based middleware infrastructure for autonomous context-aware computing services. Computer Communications Magazine, special Issue on Emerging Middleware for Next Generation Networks 30(3): 577–591. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2005.11.018
Soldatos J., Stamatis K., Azodolmolky S., Pandis I., Polymenakos L. (2007) Semantic web technologies for ubiquitous computing resource management in smart spaces. International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology 3(4): 353–373. doi:10.1504/IJWET.2007.014438
Stanford V. (2002) Pervasive computing goes to work: Interfacing to the enterprise. IEEE Pervasive Computing 01(3): 6–12. doi:10.1109/MPRV.2002.1037716
Sycara K., Paolucci M., Velsen M. V., Giampapa J. A. (2003) The RETSINA MAS infrastructure. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 7(1/2): 29–48. doi:10.1023/A:1024172719965
Tambe M., Min Shen W., Mataric M., Pynadath D. V., Goldberg D., Modi P. J., et al. (1999). Teamwork in cyberspace: Using TEAMCORE to make agents team-ready. In Proceedings of the AAAI spring symposium on agents in cyberspace (pp. 136–141). Menlo Park, CA: The AAAI Press.
TopLink. At http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/ias/toplink/index.html.
Torque. At http://db.apache.org/torque/.
UltraLog. The ultralog project. At http://ultralog.net.
Weiser M. (1991) The computer for the 21st century. Scientific American 9(9): 94–104
Zorzo, A. F., & Meneguzzi, F. R. (2005). An agent model for fault-tolerant systems. In SAC ’05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing (pp. 60–65). New York, NY: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1066677.1066696.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dimakis, N., Soldatos, J., Polymenakos, L. et al. Agent-based architectural framework enhancing configurability, autonomy and scalability of context-aware pervasive services. Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst 21, 36–68 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-009-9101-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-009-9101-1