Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Some equilibrium problems under uncertainty and random variational inequalities

  • Published:
Annals of Operations Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we describe some nonlinear equilibrium problems under uncertainty arising from economics and operations research. In particular we treat Wardrop equilibria in traffic networks. We show how the theory of monotone random variational inequalities, where random variables occur both in the operator and the constraint set, can be applied to model these problems.

Therefore in this contribution we introduce the topic of random variational inequalities and present some of our recent results in this field. In particular, we treat the more structured case where a finite Karhunen-Loève expansion leads to a separation of the random and the deterministic variables. Here we describe a norm convergent approximation procedure based on averaging and truncation. We illustrate this procedure by means of some small sized numerical examples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Appel, J., & Zabrejko, P. P. (1990). Nonlinear superposition operators. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Attouch, H. (1984). Variational convergence for functions and operators. Boston: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertsekas, D., & Gafni, E. (1982). Projection methods for variational inequalities with application to the traffic assignment problem. Mathematical Programming Studies, 17, 139–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billingsley, P. (1995). Probability and measure. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., & Fukushima, M. (2005). Expected residual minimization method for stochastic linear complementarity problems. Mathematics of Operations Research, 30, 1022–1038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafermos, S. (1980). Traffic equilibrium and variational inequalities. Transportation Science, 14, 42–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafermos, S. (1990). Exchange price equilibria and variational inequalities. Mathematical Programming, 46, 391–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniele, P., Maugeri, A., & Oettli, W. (1999). Time-dependent traffic equilibria. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 103, 543–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dempster, M. A. H. (1980). Introduction to stochastic programming. In Stochastic programming. Proc. Int. Conf., Oxford (pp. 3–59).

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMiguel, V., & Xu, H. (2009). A stochastic multiple-leader Stackelberg model: analysis, computation, and application. Operations Research, 57, 1220–1235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dentcheva, D., & Ruszczyński, A. (2003). Optimization with stochastic dominance constraints. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 14, 548–566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doob, J. L. (1953). Stochastic processes. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Facchinei, F., & Pang, J.-S. (2003). Finite-dimensional variational inequalities and complementarity problems (Vol. 2). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falsaperla, P., & Raciti, F. (2007). An improved, non-iterative algorithm for the calculation of the equilibrium in the traffic network problem. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 133, 401–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, M. C., & Ruszczyński, A. (2000). Robust path choice in networks with failures. Networks, 35, 181–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giannessi, F., & Maugeri, A. (Eds.) (1995). Variational inequalities and network equilibrium problems. New York: Plenum Press. Erice (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gürkan, G., Özge, A. Y., & Robinson, S. M. (1999). Sample-path solution of stochastic variational inequalities. Mathematical Programming, 84, 313–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, J. (1995). Stability of monotone variational inequalities with various applications. In F. Giannessi & A. Maugeri (Eds.), Variational inequalities and network equilibrium problems (pp. 123–142). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, J. (2000). A class of random variational inequalities and simple random unilateral boundary value problems: existence, discretization, finite element approximation. Stochastic Analysis and Applications, 18, 967–993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, J. (2003). Time dependent variational inequalities—some recent trends. In P. Daniele et al. (Eds.), Equilibrium problems and variational models (pp. 225–264). Boston: Kluwer Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, J., & Raciti, F. (2006). On a class of random variational inequalities on random sets. Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization, 27, 619–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, J., & Raciti, F. (2009). On monotone variational inequalities with random data. Journal of Mathematical Inequalities, 3, 443–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinderlehrer, D., & Stampacchia, G. (1980). An introduction to variational inequalities and their applications. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konnov, I. V. (2007). Equilibrium models and variational inequalities. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kryazhimskii, A. V., & Ruszczyński, A. (2001). Constraint aggregation in infinite-dimensional spaces and applications. Mathematics of Operations Research, 26, 769–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepp, R. (1994). Projection and discretization methods in stochastic programming. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 56, 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maugeri, A., & Raciti, F. (2009). On existence theorems for monotone and nonmonotone variational inequalities. Journal of Convex Analysis, 16, 899–911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosco, U. (1969). Convergence of convex sets and of solutions of variational inequalities. Advances in Mathematics, 3, 510–585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagurney, A. (1993). Network economics: a variational inequality approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Patriksson, M. (1994). The traffic assignment problem. Utrecht: VSP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prékopa, A. (1995). Stochastic programming. Budapest, Dordrecht: Akadémiai Kiadó, Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravat, U., & Shanbhag, U. V. (2010). On the characterization of solution sets of smooth and nonsmooth stochastic Nash games. In Proceedings of the American control conference (ACC), Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravat, U., & Shanbhag, U. V. (2011). On the characterization of solution sets of smooth and nonsmooth convex stochastic Nash games. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 21, 1168–1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, A. (2003). Monte Carlo sampling methods. In A. Shapiro & A. Ruszczyński (Eds.), Handbooks in operations research and management science (pp. 353–426). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, A., Dentcheva, D., & Ruszczyński, A. (2009). Lectures on stochastic programming—modeling and theory. Philadelphia: SIAM.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, A., & Xu, H. (2008). Stochastic mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints, modelling and sample average approximation. Optimization, 57, 395–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. J. (1979). The existence, uniqueness and stability of traffic equilibrium. Transportation Research, 138, 295–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, H. (2010). Sample average approximation methods for a class of stochastic variational inequality problems. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 27, 103–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, H., & Zhang, D. (2009). Stochastic nash equilibrium problems: sample average approximation and applications. Available online at http://www.optimization-online.org/DB_HTML/2009/05/2299html.

  • Zeidler, E. (1990). Nonlinear monotone operators: Vol. II/B. Nonlinear functional analysis and its applications. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the anonymous referees for their constructive suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joachim Gwinner.

Additional information

Dedicated to Professor A. Prékopa and to the memory of Professor W. Oettli.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gwinner, J., Raciti, F. Some equilibrium problems under uncertainty and random variational inequalities. Ann Oper Res 200, 299–319 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1109-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1109-2

Keywords

Navigation