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A bi-level optimized charging algorithm for energy depletion avoidance in wireless rechargeable sensor networks

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Abstract

In Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs), charging scheme optimization is one of the most critical issues, which plays an essential role in deciding the sensors’ lifetime. An effective charging scheme should simultaneously consider both the charging path and the charging time. Existing works, however, mainly focus on determining the optimal charging path and adopt the full charging strategy. The full charging approach may increase the sensors’ charging delay and eventually lead to sensor energy depletion. This paper studies how to optimize the charging path and the charging time at the same time to avoid energy depletion in WRSNs. We first formulate the investigated problem with a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model. We then leverage the bi-level optimization approach and represent the targeted problem with two levels: the charging path optimization at the upper level and the charging time optimization at the lower level. A combination of Genetic Algorithm and Greedy method is proposed to determine the optimal charging path. Besides, to reduce the computational complexity of charging time identification level, we propose a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the charging time of the best charging path in each evolutionary generation. The experimental validation on various network scenarios demonstrates our proposed charging scheme’s superiority over the existing algorithms.

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Acknowledgment

This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 102.01-2019.304. Ngo Minh Hai was funded by Vingroup Joint Stock Company and supported by the Domestic Master Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIf), Vingroup Big Data Institute (VINBIGDATA), code VINIf.2020.ThS.BK.09.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Thi Huong, Le Van Cuong, Ngo Minh Hai, Nguyen Phi Le, Le Trong Vinh & Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

  2. VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Thi Huong

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  1. Tran Thi Huong
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  2. Le Van Cuong
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Correspondence to Huynh Thi Thanh Binh.

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Huong, T.T., Van Cuong, L., Hai, N.M. et al. A bi-level optimized charging algorithm for energy depletion avoidance in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. Appl Intell 52, 6812–6834 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02775-8

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