Retraction Note: Applied Intelligence (2022) 52:13729–13762

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-03776-x

The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation’s findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

Peiman Ghasemi and Fariba Goodarzian did not explicitly state whether they agree or disagree with this retraction. Ajith Abraham did not respond to correspondence from the Publisher regarding this retraction.