Abstract
One of the most difficult parts of building automated refactorings is ensuring that they preserve behavior. This paper proposes a new technique to check for behavior preservation; we call this technique differential precondition checking. It is simple yet expressive enough to implement the most common refactorings, and the core algorithm runs in linear time. However, the main advantage is that a differential precondition checker can be placed in a library and reused in refactoring tools for many different languages; the core algorithm can be implemented in a way that is completely language independent. We have implemented a differential precondition checker and used it in refactoring tools for Fortran (Photran), PHP, and BC.
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Why differential “precondition” checking? A refactoring takes user input \(I\) and uses it to determine a program transformation \(T(I)\). However, a precondition for the application of \(T(I)\) to the user’s source code is that it satisfies the properties of compilability and preservation.
Bugs 177636, 194996, 194997, 195002, 195004, 194005, and 195006.
A slightly more complete and much more detailed specification for this refactoring is given in the technical report Overbey et al. (2011) described in the Evaluation section of this paper.
Again, a more complete and detailed specification is available Overbey et al. (2011).
Actually, in practice, the requirement is not so strict: Two tree nodes can correspond to the same textual region as long as only one of them can ever occur as the endpoint of a semantic edge in a program graph.
The tests were performed on a 2.3 GHz Intel Core i7 (MacBook Pro), Java 1.6.0_51, with the JVM heap limited to 512 MB.
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Acknowledgments
This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award Number OCI 07-25070) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, its National Center for Supercomputing Applications, IBM, and the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation. Additionally, portions of this research were supported by the National Science Foundation under award CCF-1217271. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers, as well as Rob Bocchino, John Brant, Brett Daniel, Danny Dig, Matthew Fotzler, Milos Gligoric, Vilas Jagannath, Ashley Kasza, Darko Marinov, Stas Negara, and members of the Brett Daniel Software Engineering Seminar for providing invaluable feedback on earlier drafts of this paper.
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Overbey, J.L., Johnson, R.E. & Hafiz, M. Differential precondition checking: a language-independent, reusable analysis for refactoring engines. Autom Softw Eng 23, 77–104 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-014-0176-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-014-0176-9