Abstract
Cyber-physical system (CPS) is an orchestration of cyber and physical system, in which enormous events are generated. The emerging technology of complex event processing (CEP) could be utilized to generate composite events which are combined with atomic events through composition operation. In this paper, an algebra of interaction events (AI(E)) is proposed to describe various kinds of interaction events. AI(E) has two binary operators of union “+” and synchronization “·”. Further, the algebra structure (AI(E), + , · , 0, 1) is strictly proved to be a commutative semiring in theory. Additionally, a graphic description method of partial-order tree is introduced to specify the construction of interaction events. Meanwhile, this paper discusses how to detect the significant events from numerous primitive events on the basis of partial-order tree. Finally, a simulation of smart home is executed to verify out method. Simulation result shows that the numbers of events will be decreased in each cycle of CEP by using AI(E).



Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee, E.A.: The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: a focus on models. Sensors 15, 4837–4869 (2015)
Tan, Y., Vuran, M.C., Goddard, S., et al: A concept lattice-based event model for cyber-physical systems. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-physical Systems. ACM, pp. 50–60 (2010)
Atkins, E.M., et al.: Aerospace cyber-physical systems education. In: Proceedings of the Navigation, and Control and Co-located Conferences, Boston, MA, 19–22 August, pp. 1–8 (2013)
Li, T., et al.: From offline toward real-time: a hybrid system model checking and cps co-design approach for medical device, plug-and-play (MDPnP). In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), 2012 IEEE/ACM, IEEE, Beijing, China, 17–19 April, pp. 13–22 (2012)
Mosterman, P.J., Zander, J.: Industry 4.0 as a cyber-physical system study. Softw. Syst. Model. 15, 17–29 (2016)
Thramboulidis, K.: A cyber-physical system-based approach for industrial automation systems. Comput. Ind. 72, 92–102 (2015)
Liu, R., et al.: Analyzing the cyber-physical impact of cyber events on the power grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 6, 2444–2453 (2015)
Carlini, E.M., et al.: A decentralized and proactive architecture based on the cyber physical system paradigm for smart transmission grids modelling. Monit. Cont. Technol. Econ. Smart Grids Sustain. Energy 1, 1–15 (2016)
Eckert, M., Bry, F.: Rule-based composite event queries: the language XChangeEQ and its Semantics. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 4524, 16–30 (2007)
Chen, C.Y., et al.: Complex event processing for the internet of things and its applications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), IEEE, 2014, Taipei, Taiwan, 18–22 August, pp. 1144–1149. New York, USA, (2014)
Mdhaffar, A., et al.: A dynamic complex event processing architecture for cloud monitoring and analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2–5 December, pp. 270–275. New York, USA, (2013)
Li, Y., Wang, J., Feng, L.: Accelerating sequence event detection through condensed composition. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies & Applications, Sanya, China, (2010)
Wang, F., Liu, S., Liu, P.: Bridging physical and virtual worlds: complex event processing for RFID data streams. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT’2006, pp. 588–607 (2006)
Jin, X., Lee, X., Kong, N.: Efficient complex event processing over RFID data stream. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on IEEE/ACIS, pp. 75–81 (2008)
Hinze, A., Voisard, A.: EVA: an event algebra supporting complex event specification. Inf. Syst. 48, 1–25 (2015)
Zhou, C., Yin, Z., Feng, Y.: Events algebra of triggers. Comput. J. 1, 1–10 (2017)
Pattison, T., Ceglar, A.: Interaction challenges for the dynamic construction of partially-ordered sets. In: Proceedings of the the Eleventh International Conference on Concept Lattices and Their Applications, Kosice, Slovakia, 7–10 October, pp. 23–34. Springer, Berlin, (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, C., Feng, Y. & Yin, Z. An algebraic complex event processing method for cyber-physical system. Cluster Comput 22 (Suppl 6), 15169–15177 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2522-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2522-3