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Enhancing randomness of the ciphertext generated by DNA-based cryptosystem and finite state machine

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Abstract

Nowadays, the research in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cryptography seeks to implement data transmission techniques to ensure secure data transmission across the world. As data transmission techniques are not secured due to the presence of hackers and attackers, a DNA-based cryptosystem can be suitable to secure data transmission, where confidential information (plaintext) is encoded in an unreadable form (ciphertext) prior to its transmission. This paper proposes a novel cryptosystem based on DNA cryptography and finite state machines. Here, finite state machines perform substitution operations on the DNA sequence and make the system more secure. Moreover, a DNA character conversion table is proposed in this paper to increase the randomness of the ciphertext. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is tested in terms of the randomness of the ciphertext. The randomness of the ciphertext determines the security of a cryptosystem, and here, randomness tests mentioned in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite assess the randomness of the ciphertext. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme yields an average P-value of 0.95, which outperforms the existing systems. The proposed scheme guarantees a highly secured cryptosystem as an average avalanche effect of 75.65% is achieved. As a result, the proposed scheme is more secure than the existing DNA-based cryptosystems.

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Funding

Funding information is not available. The authors have not received any funding support from any organization for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India

    Pramod Pavithran & Sheena Mathew

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India

    Suyel Namasudra

  3. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

    Suyel Namasudra

  4. School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University (An Institute of Eminence), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ashish Singh

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  1. Pramod Pavithran
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  2. Sheena Mathew
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  3. Suyel Namasudra
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  4. Ashish Singh
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Contributions

PP is the main author of this paper, who has conceived the idea and discussed it with all co-authors. SM has developed the main algorithms. SN is the corresponding author, and has performed the experiments of this paper. AS has supervised the entire work, evaluated the performance and proofread the paper.

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Correspondence to Suyel Namasudra.

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Pavithran, P., Mathew, S., Namasudra, S. et al. Enhancing randomness of the ciphertext generated by DNA-based cryptosystem and finite state machine. Cluster Comput 26, 1035–1051 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03653-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03653-9

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