Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Using fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques to model situation awareness for army infantry platoon leaders

  • SI: BRIMS 2010
  • Published:
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper describes work on the development of an actionable model of situation awareness for Army infantry platoon leaders using fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques. Developing this model based on the formal representation of the platoon leader provided by the Goal-Directed Task Analysis (GDTA) methodology advances current cognitive models because it provides valuable insight on how to effectively support human cognition within the decision-making process. We describe the modeling design approach and discuss validating the model using the VBS2 simulation environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Anderson JR (2007) How can the human mind exist in the physical universe? Oxford University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Lebiere C (1998) The atomic components of thought. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Bothell D, Byrne MD, Douglass S, Lebiere C, Qin Y (2004) An integrated theory of the mind. Psychol Rev 111(4):1036–1060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer S, Warwick W, Oster A (2000) Current efforts to model human decision making in a military environment. In: Proceedings of advanced simulation technologies conference (ASTC), Washington, DC, Apr 16–20, pp 151–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Aretz A, Guardino A, Porterfield T, McClain J (1986) Expert system advice: how should it be given? In: Proceedings of the human factors society 30th annual meeting. Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, pp 652–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod R (1976) Structure of decision: the cognitive maps of political elites. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Banini GA, Bearman RA (1998) Application of fuzzy cognitive maps to factors affecting slurry rheology. Int J Miner Process 52(4):233–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beach LR, Mitchell TR (1987) Image theory: principles, goals and plans in decision making. Acta Psychol 66:201–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolstad CA, Riley JM, Jones DG, Endsley MR (2002) Using goal directed task analysis with Army brigade officer teams. In: Proceedings of the 46th annual meeting of the human factors and ergonomics society. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, pp 472–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratman M (1987) Intentions, plans, and practical reason. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Chignell MH, Peterson JG (1988) Strategic issues in knowledge engineering. Hum Factors 30(4):381–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickerson JA, Kosko B (1994) Virtual worlds as fuzzy cognitive maps. Presence 3(2):173–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (1988) Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). In: Proceedings of the national aerospace and electronics conference (NAECON). IEEE, New York, pp 789–795

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (1993) Situation awareness: the development and application of a theoretical framework. In: Proceedings of the human factors society 37th annual meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, pp 39–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (1995) Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factors 37(1):32–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (2000) Theoretical underpinnings of situation awareness: A critical review. In: Endsley MR, Garland DJ (eds) Situation awareness analysis and measurement. LEA, Mahwah

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR, Holder LD, Leibrecht BC, Garland DJ, Wampler RL, Matthews MD (2000). Modeling and measuring situation awareness in the infantry operational environment. Tech Report DASW01-99-D-0013

  • Endsley MR, Bolté B, Jones DG (2003) Designing for situation awareness: an approach to user-centered design. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Evertsz R, Pedrotti M, Busetta P, Acar H (2009) Populating VSBS2 with realistic virtual actors. In: Proceedings of the 18th conference on behavior representation in modeling and simulation. U of Central Florida, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan X, Sun S, Yen J (2005) On shared situation awareness for supporting human decision-making teams. In: Proceedings of 2005 AAAI spring symposium on AI technologies for homeland security

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgopoulos VC, Malandraki GA, Stylos CD (2003) A fuzzy cognitive map apporoach to differential diagnosis of specific language impairment. Artif Intell Med 29:261–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gettings ME, Bultman MW, Fisher FS (2004) A complex systems model approach to quantified minderal resource appraisal. Environ Manag 33(1):87–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giles BG, Findlay CS, Haas G, LaFrance B, Laughing W, Pembleton S (2007) Integrating conventional science and aboriginal perspectives on diabetes using fuzzy cognitive maps. Soc Sci Med 64(3):562–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs BF, Ludsin SA, Knight RL, Ryan PA, Biberhofer J, Ciborowski JJH (2002) Fuzzy cognitive mapping as a tool to define management objectives for complex ecosystems. Ecol Appl 12(5):1548–1565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang SH, Endsley MR (1997) Providing understanding of the behavior of feedforward neural networks. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 27(3):465–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isak KGQ (2008). Investigating fuzzy cognitive mapping as a participatory tool for conceptual landscape modelling. MSc Thesis in Landscape Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen

  • Jones RM, Laird JE, Nielsen PE, Coulter KJ, Kenny P, Koss FV (1999) Automated intelligent pilots for combat flight simulation. AI Mag 20(1):27–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan MS, Quaddos M (2004) Group decision support using fuzzy cognitive maps for causal reasoning. Group Decis Negot 13:463–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klir G, St Clair UH, Yuan B (1997) Fuzzy set theory foundations and applications

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosko B (1986) Fuzzy cognitive maps. Int J Man-Mach Stud 24:65–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosko B (1987) Adaptive inference in fuzzy knowledge networks. In: Conference on neural networks, vol 2, pp 261–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore H, Galloway J (1993) We were soldiers once and young. Harper, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndousse TD, Okuda T (1996) Computational intelligence for distributed fault management in networks using fuzzy cognitive maps. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on communications converging technologies for tomorrow’s application. IEEE, New York, pp 1558–1562

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell A (1990) Unified theories of cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Özesmi U (1999). Ecosystems in the mind: Fuzzy cognitive maps of the Kizilirmak Delta Wetlands in Turkey, http://env.erciyes.edu.tr/Kizilirmak/UODissertation/uozesmi5.pdf

  • Özesmi U, Özesmi S (2003) A participatory approach to ecosystem conservation: fuzzy cognitive maps and stakeholder group analysis in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. J Environ Manag 31(4):518–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özesmi U, Özesmi SL (2004) Ecological models based on people’s knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Ecol Model 176(1–2):43–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou EI, Groumpos PP (2004) Two-state learning algorithm for fuzzy cognitive maps. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on intelligent systems

    Google Scholar 

  • Perusich K, McNeese MD (1998) Understanding and modeling information dominance in battle management: applications of fuzzy cognitive maps. Tech Report AFRL-HE-WP-TR-1998-0040

  • Ritter FE, Kase SE, Bhandarkar D, Lewis B, Cohen MA (2007) dTankUpdated: exploring moderated behavior in a light-weight synthetic environment. In: Proceedings of the 16th conference on behavior representation in modeling and simulation (BRIMS). U of Central Florida, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Schank RC, Abelson RP (1977) Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Selcon SJ, Bunting AJ, Coxell AW, Lal R, Dudfield HJ (1995) Explaining decision support: an experimental evaluation of an explanatory tool for data-fused displays. In: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on aviation psychology. The Ohio State University, Department of Aviation, Columbus, pp 92–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Shively RJ, Brickner M, Silbiger J (1997) A computational model of situational awareness instantiated in MIDAS. In: Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on aviation psychology, Columbus, Ohio

    Google Scholar 

  • Siraj A, Bridges SM, Vaughn RB (2001) Fuzzy cognitive maps for decision support in an intelligent intrusion detection system. North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society

  • Skogoey KI, Skov F (2007) Fuzzy cognitive mapping—a model for public participation. In: Chmielewski TJ (ed) Nature conservation management: from idea to practical results. ALTER-Net, Lublin. ISBN: 83-87414-98-0. [Cited on 25.09.08]. Available at the internet:http://www.alternet.info/POOLED/ARTICLES/BF_NEWSART/VIEW.ASP?Q=BF_NEWSART_300866

    Google Scholar 

  • Skov F, Svenning JC (2003) Predicting plant species richness in a managed forest. For Ecol Manag 180(1–3):583–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith E, Eloff J (2000) Cognitive fuzzy modeling for enhanced risk assessment in health care institution. IEEE Intell Syst Appl 2000:69–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strater LD, Endsley MR, Pleban RJ, Mathews MD (2001) Measures of platoon leader situation awareness in virtual decision making exercises. Research Report 1770, Army Research Institute, Alexandria, VA

  • Taber WR (1991) Knowledge processing with fuzzy cognitive maps. Expert Syst Appl 2(1):83–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan CO, Özesmi U (2006) A generic shallow lake ecosystem model based on collective expert knowledge. Hydrobiologia 563:125–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters B, Yow A (2000) An evaluation of task network modeling for use in simulating situation awareness. In: Proceedings of the IEA 200/HFES200 congress. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica

    Google Scholar 

  • Winston PH (1992) Artificial intelligence (3rd edn). Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Xirogiannis G, Stefanou J, Glykas M (2004) A fuzzy cognitive map approach to support urban design. Expert Syst Appl 26:257–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zachary W, Le Mentec J-C (1999) A framework for developing intelligent agents based on human information processing architecture. In: Proceedings from IASTED international conference ASC.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SA Technologies, Inc., 3750 Palladian Village Dr., Building 200, Marietta, GA, 30066, USA

    Rashaad E. T. Jones, Erik S. Connors, Mary E. Mossey, John R. Hyatt, Neil J. Hansen & Mica R. Endsley

Authors
  1. Rashaad E. T. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erik S. Connors
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mary E. Mossey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. John R. Hyatt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Neil J. Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mica R. Endsley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rashaad E. T. Jones.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, R.E.T., Connors, E.S., Mossey, M.E. et al. Using fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques to model situation awareness for army infantry platoon leaders. Comput Math Organ Theory 17, 272–295 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-011-9094-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-011-9094-6

Keywords