Abstract
We describe a multifaceted approach to named entity recognition that can be deployed with minimal data resources and a handful of hours of non-expert annotation. We describe how this approach was applied in the 2016 LoReHLT evaluation and demonstrate that both statistical and rule-based approaches contribute to our performance. We also demonstrate across many languages the value of selecting the sentences to be annotated when training on small amounts of data.
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IL3_dictionary.xml; LDC-provided.
xinjiang_places.pdf with link to Wikipedia; LDC-provided.
link in CategoryII_list.pdf; LDC-provided.
parallel_grammar.pdf; LDC-provided.
This is the numerical stability parameter typically used in AdaGrad implementations.
The word shape feature collapsed all consecutive letters in a name to a single letter to attempt to identify punctuation patterns. For example, the name Bob would have the shape a, while @Bob would have the shape @a.
Arabic and Mandarin were also provided but we exclude them from our experiments here due to data processing issues. Yoruba is excluded because it had too little data for meaningful experiments. Hausa was excluded because the data did not annotate the gpe type. LDC catalog numbers were 2014E115, 2015E70, and 2016E{29,87,91,93,95,97,99,103}.
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Acknowledgements
This material is based upon work supported by the the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under Contract No. HR0011-15-C-0113. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. (Approved for Public Release by DARPA on Aug 29, 2017 (DISTAR Approval #28392) , Distribution Unlimited)
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All work described in this article was performed at Raytheon BBN Technologies. Authors Freedman, Gabbard, Lignos, and Weischedel are currently affiliated with the University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute, 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001, Marina del Rey, 90292, USA.
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Gabbard, R., DeYoung, J., Lignos, C. et al. Combining rule-based and statistical mechanisms for low-resource named entity recognition. Machine Translation 32, 31–43 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0