Abstract
In this paper we explore the relationship between social learning environments and the technological ecologies that practitioners, learners, and researchers develop to sustain them. Through an examination of ethnographic research conducted at an urban after-school learning program we show how social, technological and power infrastructures influence learning and interaction in this setting. Adopting a holistic approach we examine how technologies are integrated into activities in this program to support the learning of the after-school youth. We emphasize both positive and negative infrastructures that contribute to the learning environment and discuss how identifying these infrastructures are one of the first steps towards understanding and informing technology design in informal learning settings.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Names have been changed for anonymity
References
Ames, M. G., Go, J., Kaye, J. and Spasojevic, M. (2010). Making love in the network closet: the benefits and work of family videochat. CSCW’10. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Savannah, Georgia, USA, February 06 - 10, 2010. New York: ACM Press, pp. 145–154.
Barab, S. A., Evans, M. A., & Baek, E.-O. (2004). Activity theory as a lens for characterizing the participatory unit. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research on educational communities and technology (pp. 199–214). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Barkhuus, L. (2005). Bring your own laptop unless you want to follow the lecture: Alternative communication in the classroom. Group’05. Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, November 06–09, 2005. New York: ACM Press, pp. 140–143.
Barron, B. and Kafai, Y. B. (2006). Clubs, homes, and online communities as contexts for engaging youth in technology fluency building activities. ICLS’06. Proceedings of the 7th international Conference on Learning Sciences, Bloomington, Indiana, June 27–July 01, 2006. International Society of the Learning Sciences, pp. 1022–1028.
Bederson, B. B., Quinn, A., and Druin, A. (2009). Designing the reading experience for scanned multi-lingual picture books on mobile phones. JCDL’09. Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Austin, TX, USA, June 15–19, 2009. New York: ACM Press, 305–308.
Benford, S., Rowland, D., Flintham, M., Hull, R., Reid, J., Morrison, J., Facer, K. and Clayton, B. (2004). “Savannah”: Designing a location-based game simulating lion behaviour. ACE’04. Proceedings ACM SIGCHI Conference on Advanced Computer Entertainment 2004, Singapore, June 2004. Bristol: MobileBristol.
Bobick, A. F., Intille, S. S., Davis, J. W., Baird, F., Pinhanez, C. S., Campbell, L. W., Ivanov, Y. A., Schütte, A., & Wilson, A. (2000). Perceptual user interfaces: the KidsRoom. Communications of the ACM, 43(3), 60–61.
Chipman, G., Druin, A., Beer, D., Fails, J. A., Guha, M. L., and Simms, S. (2006). A case study of tangible flags: a collaborative technology to enhance field trips. IDC’06. Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on interaction Design and Children, Tampere, Finland, June 07–09, 2006. New York: ACM Press, pp. 1–8.
Cole, M., & The Distributed Literacy Consortium. (2006). The fifth dimension: An after-school program built on diversity. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Crabtree, A., Rodden, T., Tolmie, P. and Button, G. (2009). Ethnography considered harmful. CHI’09. Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, Boston, MA, USA, April 4–9, 2009. New York: ACM Press, pp. 879–888.
Druin, A. (1999). Cooperative inquiry: developing new technologies for children with children. CHI’99. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, May 15–20, 1999. New York: ACM Press, pp. 592–599.
Dourish, P. (2006). Implications for design. CHI’06. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, Montreal, Canada, April 22–27 2006. New York: ACM Press, pp. 541–550.
Fails, J. A., Druin, A., Guha, M. L., Chipman, G., Simms, S., and Churaman, W. (2005). Child’s play: a comparison of desktop and physical interactive environments. IDC’05. Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on interaction Design and Children, Boulder, Colorado, June 08–10, 2005. New York: ACM Press, pp. 48–55.
Greiffenhagen, C: Unpacking tasks: The fusion of new technology with instructional work. (2008) Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, vol. 17, no 1, pp. 35–62, 2008.
Harris, A., Rick, J., Bonnett, V., Yuill, N., Fleck, R., Marshall, P., and Rogers, Y. (2009). Around the table: are multiple-touch surfaces better than single-touch for children’s collaborative interactions?. CSCL’09. Proceedings of the 9th international Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Rhodes, Greece, 8–13 June 2009. New York: ACM Press, pp. 335–344.
Jackson, S. L., Krajcik, J., and Soloway, E. (1998). The design of guided learner-adaptable scaffolding in interactive learning environments. CHI 98’. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Los Angeles, California, United States, April 18–23, 1998. New York: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., pp. 187–194.
Joseph, D. and Pinkard, N. (2006). Supporting urban youth in developing empowered technology-user identities by bridging home, school and afterschool contexts. In B. Barron and Y. B. Kafai (eds): Clubs, homes, and online communities as contexts for engaging youth in technology fluency building activities (2006). ICLS’06. Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences, Bloomington, Indiana, June 27–July 01, 2006. International Society of the Learning Sciences, pp. 1022–1028.
Kam, M., Agarwal, A., Kumar, A., Lal, S., Mathur, A., Tewari, A., and Canny, J. 2008. Designing e-learning games for rural children in India: a format for balancing learning with fun. DIS’08. Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Designing interactive Systems, Cape Town, South Africa, February 25–27, 2008. New York, ACM Press, pp. 58–67.
Koschmann, T. (2007). Introduction to special issue on learning and work. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 17(1), 1–3.
Lofland, J., Snow, D. A., Anderson, L. and Lofland, L. H. (2005). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth Publishing (4th edition).
Luckin, R. (2008). The learner centric ecology of resources: A framework for using technology to scaffold learning. Computers and Education, 50(2), 449–462.
Martin, C., Barron, B., and Wise, S. (2006). Technological fluency in the context of a community based computer clubhouse. Symposium: Insights from everyday cognition: Ethnographic studies of science, math, and technology learning. Presentation at the Annual Meetings of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. April 7–April 11.
Prasolova-Førland, E. and Divitini, M. (2003). Collaborative virtual environments for supporting learning communities: an experience of use. GROUP’03. Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, November 09–12, 2003. New York: ACM Press, pp. 58–67.
Randall, D., Marr, L., & Rouncefield, M. (2001). Ethnography, Ethnomethodology and interaction analysis. Ethnographic Studies, 6, 31–43.
Randall, D., Harper, R., & Rouncefield, M. (2007). Fieldwork for design: theory and practice. London: Springer.
Resnick, M., Martin, F., Berg, R., Borovoy, R., Colella, V., Kramer, K., and Silverman, B. (1998) Digital manipulatives: New toys to think with. CHI’98. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA, April18–23, 1998. New York: ACM Press, pp. 281–287.
Resnick, M., & Rusk, N. (1996). The Computer Clubhouse: Preparing for Life in a Digital World. IBM Systems Journal, 35(3–4), 431–440.
Rode, J., Stringer, M., Toye, E. F., Simpson, A. R. and Blackwell, A. F. (2003). Curriculum-focused design. IDC’03. Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Interaction design and children, Preston, England, July 1–3, 2003. New York: ACM Press, pp. 119–126.
Selwyn, N. (2010). Looking beyond learning: Notes towards the critical study of educational technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26, 65–73.
Shapiro, R. B., Thomas, K., Jaffe, N. and Carter T. (2006). Three club designs to foster the development of empowered identities. In B. Barron and Y. B. Kafai (eds): Clubs, homes, and online communities as contexts for engaging youth in technology fluency building activities (2006). ICLS’06. Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences, Bloomington, Indiana, June 27–July 01, 2006. International Society of the Learning Sciences, pp. 1022–1028.
Soloway, E., Guzdial, M., and Hay, K. E. (1994). Learner-centered design: the challenge for HCI in the 21st century. Interactions vol. 1, no. 2, April 1994, pp. 36–48.
Stanton, D., Bayon, V., Neale, H., Ghali, A., Benford, S., Cobb, S., Ingram, R., O’Malley, C., Wilson, J., and Pridmore, T. (2001). Classroom collaboration in the design of tangible interfaces for storytelling. CHI’01. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, WA, US. New York: ACM Press, pp. 482–489.
Stringer, M., Toye, E. F., Rode, J. A., and Blackwell, A. F. (2004). Teaching rhetorical skills with a tangible user interface. IDC’04. Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on interaction Design and Children: Building A Community, Maryland, USA, June 01–03, 2004. New York: ACM Press, pp. 11–18.
Szymanski, M. H., Aoki, P. M., Grinter, R. E., Hurst, A., Thornton, J. D., & Woodruff, A. (2008). SottoVoce: Facilitating social learning in a historic house. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 17(1), 5–34.
Twidale, M. B. (2005). Over the Shoulder Learning: Supporting Brief Informal Learning. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 14(6), 505–547.
Twidale, M.B., Nichols, D.M., Smith, G. and Trevor, J. (1995): Supporting collaborative .earning during information searching. CSCL’95. Proceedings of Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, Indiana, Bloomington, pp. 367–374.
Verhaegh, J., Soute, I., Kessels, A., and Markopoulos, P. (2006). On the design of Camelot, an outdoor game for children. IDC’06. Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on interaction Design and Children, Tampere, Finland, June 07–09, 2006. New York: ACM Press, pp. 9–16.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The Role of Tutoring in Problem-Solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(2), 89–100.
Acknowledgements
We are very thankful to the people at the after-school center, including its director and the youth who continue to take part in projects around informal learning. We also thank Mike Cole who facilitated the connection between university and after-school center (and continues to do so). This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant #0838330.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barkhuus, L., Lecusay, R. Social Infrastructures as Barriers and Foundation for Informal Learning: Technology Integration in an Urban After-School Center. Comput Supported Coop Work 21, 81–103 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-012-9157-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-012-9157-3